A tsunami is a disaster in as much as it entails large-scale loss of lives, property and livelihood, but it is also a social phenomenon interrupting historical contingency, explains the project website. In this shot, water rushes ashore in Sri Lanka during the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. EMBED_EVENT_FORM.init({ Roughly 142 million years ago, a 1.6-km diameter meteorite came hurtling through the atmosphere and crashed into the Barents Sea. It was caused by a series of underwater landslides known collectively as the Storegga Slide. #Tonga #Tsunami #Nukualofa", "Tsunami hits Tonga after giant volcano eruption", The September 19th , 2022, M7.7 Coalcoman Earthquake: An overview and preliminary analysis, "Tsunami Event: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR", "Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: Synthesis Report", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_tsunamis&oldid=1150004335, Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, One-third of the East Molokai volcano collapsed into the Pacific Ocean, generating a tsunami with an estimated local height of 2,000 feet (610m). // OPTIONAL CSS It was a very good movie. A still from the video of the spectacular rockslide at Geiranger Fjord in Norway, via Youtube. guid: "bae6e0fa-5135-4442-86f5-8a684acca2e3", So shocking to me. An engraving of a tsunami following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. She had been washed ashore by a tidal wave on 18 November 1867 and was finally refloated on 11 May 1868. Within hours, a major rockslide smashes into the fjord and the stopwatch is set: Geiranger will be washed awayin ten minutes. ", "The Grand Banks landslide-generated tsunami of November 18, 1929: preliminary analysis and numerical modeling", "The 'tsunami earthquake' of 1932 June 22 in Manzanillo, Mexico: seismological study and tsunami simulations", "A story of survival rises from the ruins of a fishing village", "Hazard implications of the late arrival of the 1945 Makran tsunami", "The 1956 earthquake and tsunami in Amorgos, Greece", "Historic Earthquakes: Rat Islands, Alaska", "Tsunamis and Earthquakes 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami Descriptive Model USGS WCMG", "Comments for the Tsunami Runup at Degirmendere", "Comments for the Tsunami Runup at Ulasli", Central Kuril Island Tsunami in Crescent City, California, "Impacts of the 2007 Landslide-Generated Tsunami in Chehalis Lake, Canada", "Ice breaks off glacier after Christchurch quake ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)", "Quake shakes 30m tonnes of ice off glacier National NZ Herald News", "Damage Situation and Police Countermeasures associated with 2011 Tohoku district - off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake", "Researchers: 30-meter tsunami in Ofunato", "Japan Earthquake: before and after ABC News", "Frumniurstur rannskna berghlaupi skju 21. jl 2014", "Geus: Uklart, om jordsklv udlste grnlandsk tsunami [Unclear if earthquake caused Greenlandic tsunami]", "After recon trip, researchers say Greenland tsunami in June reached 300 feet high", "Central Sulawesi disasters killed 4,340 people, final count reveals - National - The Jakarta Post", "BMKG Pastikan Tsunami 1,5 Meter hingga 2 Meter Melanda Palu dan Donggala", "Tsunami terjang Selat Sunda, korban diperkirakan terus bertambah", "Update Terkini BMKG: Yang Terjadi di Anyer Bukan Tsunami karena Gempa", "22-23 Dec 2018 eruption & tsunami in aluiakbe Krakatoa updates", "Tsunami in Banten, Lampung kills at least 20: Disaster agency", "Indonesia 'volcano tsunami': At least 43 dead and 600 injured amid Krakatoa eruption", "Number of people injured by tsunami soars to 7,200", "In Turkey, a Frantic Rescue Effort After a Deadly Earthquake", "Turkey sees larger tsunami after latest quake", "Landslide caused by melting B.C. It was a low budget film but the intensity of all that occurred made it worth all the other parts! Tsunami hazards are increased in this region due to the densely populated and extensive coastal zones, as well as sea level rise from polar ice melt and local subsidence. Taxidermy birds are being turned into drones. On 29 August 1741, the western side of the, On 20 February 1743, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the, Tens of thousands of Portuguese people who survived the. The submarine slides occurred underwater at the edge of the Norwegian continental shelf in the Norwegian Sea. 74 people died, while 16 . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Words of Norway tells the stories of Norway to the world, and helps Norwegian companies do the same. With an earthquake in Oslo, of course! Sophisticated monitoring equipment and evacuation plans are now in place that should be able to give adequate warning ifor rather whena repeat incident occurs. In 1934, 64-meter high tsunami wave caused devastation in Tafjorden killing 40 people. The man in the foreground (lower left) became one of the 159 deaths on the islands. Afterward, Mesolithic culture developed independently from Europe unless settlers arrived by boat. It became known as the "Boxing Day Tsunami" because it hit on Boxing Day (26 December). What had happened was that Langhammaren had fallen down from 730 meters above sea level, pushing a large scree called . Stanley, Jean-Daniel & Jorstad, Thomas F. (2005): "Fault found for Mediterranean 'day of horror'. Horror director Roar Uthaug has made Norway's first disaster movie, subjecting the picturesque village of Geiranger to an 85m tidal wave. Operation Lost Boy: How Norway Dismantled a Child Molestation Network, Troms Cable Car: The Journey on Fjellheisen, Viking DNA Tests: Discover Your True Scandinavian Ancestry, Teachers Unprepared for Pupils with Refugee Background, land Islands: Introducing a Top Nordic Vacation Spot. As it happened so long ago, no-one is 100% sure what triggered the event. When the 900 meters mountain section slides down into the 320 meter deep fjord will slide 150 million tons of rock, triggering tsunami wave up to 80 meters high. The reason why the inhabitants of the area are not afraid of this potential disaster and the possible monster wave is because mountain knesfjllet is the most monitored mountain in the world. Based in Trondheim, we are Norway's English language publishing company. The biggest impact in terms of lifes, injuries, destroyed homes and the economy had been a tsunami on 04/01/1946. I will say I agree with the comment concerning the likelihood of hypothermia, having been in fjord water I think it stays cold in the summer. What I was impressed with was how the writers and directors kept the movie grounded in the realm of a community of people not building that were going to be destroyed. On Wednesday 16 September 2015, a large earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Moment Magnitude scale struck the west coast of Chile, causing a tsunami up to 16 feet (4.9m) high along the Chilean coast. It's located on the Norwegian continental shelf approximately 120km northwest of Kristiansund in Mre. Its quite ok to enjoy a movie while being able to recognize the flaws it most definitely has. On average 700.000 tourists flock to see this breathtaking fjord, many traveling by cruise ship. During the planning process, the risk of a Storegga-like event was deemed negligible'. The wave caused widespread devastation, with an official count of 18,550 people confirmed dead or missing. Some areas still with question marks. I hope the sensors will give plenty of warning and people will evacuate. Enjoyed very much and its worth a re-watch. The earthquake of 9 July 551 AD was one of the largest seismic events in and around Lebanon during the Byzantine period. One lobe of the landslide rose into nearby, On 26 May 1983 at 11:59 local time, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurred in the. All residents around the Great Fjord in western Norway are aware of the danger coming from the mountains. This film was a refreshing break from all that over-done nonsense. Buy Online AccessBuy Print & Archive Subscription. Were in LA and so are saturated with big-budget movies. Using the average facies-I bulk dry density measured in LOG116 . Similar transformations occurred on islands throughout the Southwest Pacific, Goff said, Tens of thousands of Portuguese people who survived the Lisbon earthquake on Nov. 1, 1755 were killed by the tsunami that followed. We actually hid our eyes a couple of times too til we had to get back to the subtitles. Norway considers tsunami risk in its national disaster planning strategy, so the risk of such an event is taken into account in planning decisions. in the big city of Stavanger. People from the low-lying atolls of Tokelau moved to higher ground as a precautionary measure. [52] Historical records of early navigators such as Vasco da Gama were lost, and among the destroyed buildings were most of Portugal's examples of Manueline architecture. Several communities will be completely destroyed. On 4 November 1677, a low-intensity earthquake was felt in the area around the Bs Peninsula, but was followed by a large tsunami, which killed an estimated 569 people. It also struck Galway, Ireland, and caused heavy damage to the Spanish Arch section of the city wall. L'Heureux et al. On 13 September 1936, approximately 1,000,000m, On 27 October 1936, a megatsunami occurred in Alaska's, An 8.0 magnitude earthquake on 7 December 1944, about 20 kilometres (12.4mi) off Japan's, The earthquake with a moment magnitude of 8.1 and a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale, occurred in British India at 01:26 on 28 November 1945. That beauty created a stark contrast once all hell broke loose. It looks decent and dare I say it, realistic, but it's to the detriment of the rest of the film. I give this 2 thumbs up for creativity and bravery of those whom sacrificed their lives to save others! I enjoyed the movie. One, the Monongahela, was beached at St. Croix by a 30-foot (9 meters) wave. The earthquake was the second largest earthquake in recorded history. 2010). The tsunami reached 15 metres (49ft) in Tonga. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). On 2 April 2007, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake struck about 40km (25mi) south of Ghizo Island in the western, On 21 April 2007, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred in the. Storegga (Norwegian: Great Edge) is located at the edge of Norway's continental shelf in the Norwegian Sea, 100 km (62 mi) north-west of the Mre coast.In around 6200 BCE, structural failures of the shelf caused three underwater landslides, which triggered very large tsunamis in the North Atlantic Ocean. He now works as a professional writer on all things Scandinavia. Fortunately it will not happen as suddenly as it does in the film. It follows every disaster movie trope there is. An account by Arnold Boscowitz claimed "great loss of life." Imagine a beautiful Norwegian fjord, with majestic snow-covered peaks, foaming waterfalls and a touristic village with a hotel right on the waterfront. came loose and made a 500 meter drop into the water. As you can tell Im not a trump fan Beautiful scenery and believable action. Take a quick glance at the photos and it's not hard to see why this glacial lake attracts so many camera-wielding tourists. On 25 October 2010, a 7.7 earthquake struck near the island of, On 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck the. The strongest tidal wave registered in Norway so far reached a height of 74 meters. On 15 January 1905 a huge chunk of the 1,500-metre-high Mt. A real familys story of survival and not just another San Andreas or Dantes Peak? I enjoyed the movie very much and, also learn about the tsunamis. The article Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 covers the events surrounding the break with Sweden in depth. 18 November The Norwegian Parliament unanimously elected the Danish Prince Carl to be king (which was named King, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 16:23. As a disruptive event, we will examine whether the tsunami was an accelerator for social processes driving societies in new directions, opening social systems up to change, or transforming social order.. After the eruption and tsunami, the Dutch abandoned their colonies and Islamic fundamentalism swept the islands. On 15 November 2006, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurred off the coast near the Kuril Islands. Stuart Burch considers the significance to Norway both in terms of the past and the present of the anniversary of 1905, when the country at last won its independence from Sweden. We want to see building fall into one another. Residents of these islands were completely caught off guard by the onset of the tsunami due to the inability to broadcast any warnings from the destroyed poles at the Scotch Cap Light on Unimak Island in Alaska. The wave was generated by a catastrophic subsea landslide off the coast of Norway . I liked this movie, although some scenes drove me crazy (like staring at a wave while it is coming your way instead of running for your life?) Thus, the radiocarbon dating indicates that the sedimentary signals of the historical rock fall and tsunami events of 1905, 1936, and 1950 should be captured within the retrieved cores. 3D image of massive Storegga slide possibly caused by a gas hydrate melt-down -- resulted in a tsunami that drowned Scotland 7,000 years ago. Geologists that studied the original incident decided the likelihood of a repeat was so small that farms and villages were rebuilt. The action was good enough that the lack of killing more people was worth letting some of the actors live.. (-: Thanks to the writers, directors, and actors a Norwegian movie was in my living room and kept my night less lonely. It's a decent effort from the Norwegian film industry, but perhaps it's an opportunity missed? Without giving away too much, I do feel the need to warn you of two especiallygruesome moments and a harrowing decision for Kristian's wife Idun (Ane Dahl Torp)as the post-wave race for survival intensifies. Discussion Paper 06/03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006", Hoel, Christer, "The Tjelle Rock Avalanche in 1756," fjords.com Retrieved 22 June 2020, "Permanent upper-plate deformation in western Myanmar during the great 1762 earthquake: Implications for neotectonic behavior of the northern Sunda megathrust", "Taiwan has a scattered history of tsunamis Taipei Times", "Re-examination of historical tsunamis in Shikoku Island, Japan", "Tsunami Simulations of the 1867 Virgin Island Earthquake: Constraints on Epicenter Location and Fault Parameters", "The Mw 7.7 Tocopilla Earthquake of 14 November 2007 at the Southern Edge of the Northern Chile Seismic Gap: Rupture in the Deep Part of the Coupled Plate Interface", Aaron Micallef, Sebastian F. L. Watt, Christian Berndt, Morelia Urlaub, Sascha Brune, Ingo Klaucke, Christoph Bttner, Jens Karstens, and Judith Elger, "An 1888 Volcanic Collapse Becomes a Benchmark for Tsunami Models," eos.org, 17 October 2017 Retrieved 29 June 2020, "Ritter Island Volcanolateral collapse and the tsunami of 1888", "The world's worst natural disasters CBC News", "Did a submarine landslide trigger the 1918 Puerto Rico tsunami? New York, It was a nice change of pace from the over effects done in Hollywood these days! One example is the Ormen Lange gas field. A tsunami in a Norwegian fjord? The following year, on 11 November 1855, the Great Ansei Edo earthquake of 1855 struck the, On 18 December 1867, a major earthquake struck. The biggest impact in terms of lifes, injuries, destroyed homes and the economy had been a tsunami on 03/19/1998. No complaints! Norwegian soldiers guarding the border with Sweden, September 1905. , Lovatnet in Norway has enjoyed a surge in popularity over the last decade. Sometime around 1874, perhaps in May 1874, a megatsunami occurred in. On that day the parliament in Kristiana (Oslo) instigated what might be termed a revolution when they voted to dissolve the union with Sweden that had been forced upon Norway by the Treaty of Kiel (1814). The last and smallest event in the series occurred upslope relative to the mainshock and generated the largest tsunami. The earthquake is not believed to have directly caused any deaths, but the resulting tsunami killed an estimated 12,000 people. It generated a tsunami up to 2.4 metres (7ft 10in) at Lisbon. On 09/13/1936, this tsunami killed a total of 73 people. Almost 2,000 people perished in total. A new focus on tsunami hazards since the 2004 Indonesia earthquake and its killer waves has heightened awareness of tsunami's cultural and historic influence. It's located on the Norwegian continental shelf approximately 120km northwest of Kristiansund in Mre. He now works as a professional writer on all things Scandinavia. Unlike the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, there were no cameras to record the incident. The Lodal disaster is the biggest natural disaster to have affected Norway in the modern era, and extensive rescue efforts were instigated. Between 1905 and 1950, rockslides from the mountain Ramnefjell plunged into the calm water at the southern end of the lake several times, creating enormous waves that caused great loss of life and damage to surrounding areas. Talfjord (the town on the other end of the wave) has only 4 minutes warning. On 17 August 1999 an earthquake caused a tsunami in the Sea of Marmara, with a maximum water height of 2.52 m. 150 people died when the city of. Nice to see something that isnt from Hollywood. They occurred under water, at the edge of Norway's continental shelf in the Norwegian Sea, approximately 6225-6170 BC. the tsunami of Olympic visitors. On 29 November 1975 a 7.4 earthquake affected Hawaii, triggering a 14-metre (46ft) tsunami and a small brief eruption of the, On 17 August 1976 at 00:11, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck the island of, An 8.1 magnitude earthquake occurred on 12 December 1979 at 02:59 along the Pacific coast of, On 18 May 1980, in the course of a major eruption of Mount St. Helens, the upper 460 metres (1,510ft) of the mountain failed, causing a major landslide. Talmudic sources record a tsunami on 13 December 115 AD that affected Caesarea and Yavneh. Well done. The leading candidate for the next rockfall disaster is . The wave had a maximum rise height of 120 metres (394ft), inundating the bay shoreline up to 750 feet (229m) inland. . Wonderful movie My husband and I fully enjoyed it!! On 8 January 1731, a landslide in the Storfjorden off Stranda caused a tsunami up to 100 metres (330ft) high, killing 17 people. Several communities will be completely destroyed. In Cornwall, the tsunami reached more than a meter in height. I loved it O:-). I am in the entertainment business and am a film buff from NYC and lived in Los Angeles as well and have friends who work in film. Itwon't come anywhere near a red carpet, but I do expect some internationalcoverage (the version I saw was subtitled in English) and maybe even a cult following. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. And based on a real threat. This is very well made movie. On 20 May 1202 a tsunami probably associated with this event was observed in eastern Cyprus and along the Syrian and Lebanese coasts. On 22 February 1756, a landslide in Langfjorden generated three megatsunamis in Langfjorden and Eresfjorden with heights of 40 to 50 metres (131 to 164ft). So what withthe giveaway title and this intro, you've probably worked out what Blgen is all about. caused by devastating mass wasting-generated tsunami events in Norwegian fjords and lakes is the highest in the world, . In 1936, more than one million cubic yards of rock fell from a height of more than 2,500 feet into the lake, creating a wave more than 200 feet high. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Words of Norway tells the stories of Norway to the world, and helps Norwegian companies do the same. NO-6783 Stryn The floods destroyed the villages of Longarone, Pirago, Rivalta, Villanova and Fa, killing 1,450 people. NY 10036. . The resulting water displacement caused 50 million cubic metres of water to overflow the dam in a megatsunami wave of 250 metres (820ft) high. The collapse of Krakatoa volcano on Aug. 27 sent a series of awesome tsunamis around the world. Funded by the Research Council of Norway, LAST will examine how coastal communities in the Old Stone Age were built up, how people interacted and what happened to society after the disaster. It took 148 years for the population to return to pre-tsunami levels. Well, as the trailer for Blgen (The Wave in English) states: It has happened before. On 11 March 2011, off the Pacific coast of Japan, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake produced a 33 feet (10m) high tsunami along the northeast coast of Japan. You can also read the Latest Cruise News, Download Ship Itinerary, or take peak at the Crew Galleries. Even with a language barrier, you were able to connect with the characters, including the minor ones. On April 1, parts of Hilo, Hawaii, were destroyed by a series of waves from an earthquake and landslide in Alaska. A new research project aims to shed new light on the impact of the disaster. I watched it on Netflix. The destruction influenced Western philosophers and writers from Kant to Voltaire, who references the event in his novel "Candide.". Norway considers tsunami risk in its national disaster planning strategy, so the risk of such an event is taken into account in planning decisions. Well if you were watching it on Netflix maybe you didnt realize that they also offer you the option to hear it in English. The waves killed 32 people and destroyed 168 buildings, 196 boats, large amounts of forest, roads and boat landings.[53]. Evidence of a. If it wasnt for the cost of living Id retire there. and the 1905, 1936, and 1950 series . The dramatic events pivoted around June 7th, 1905. I never watched a movie with subtitles until my children were grown and my husband was gone. I have a hard time also trying to read subtitles and pay attention to the movie just saying. More than 90 sailors from Naval Air Facility Misawa volunteered to help Misawa City employees and members of the community begin to clean up after the 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami struck the area. The sight of a seven-storey high wall of water racing towards land at more than 100kph must have been truly terrifying. Cf. Earthquakes, underwater landslides and volcanoes can trigger tsunamis, sending walls of water rushing inland when they reach the shore. Naval Historical Center.). It had a realness most disaster movies dont even come close to. The first tsunami wave hit, On 16 June 1964, 28 people died, and entire apartment buildings were destroyed by soil liquefaction. At 03.10 in the night on the 7. of April 1934 the population in Tafjord woke up by the sound of a gigantic boom as from an enormous explosion, and the ground was shaking. //customCSSLocation: "", Protagonist saves the day for those in cars and gets people running (come on nowif you were stuck in a car and saw everyone run past you, do you REALLY need the hero to explain that you, too, have to run??). A tsunami is a series of waves generally caused by some sort of underwater disturbance like an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption, although those aren't the only causes. This is a GREAT FILM!!! Perhusvegen 24 Rockslides in Norway occur frequently. to 1900 A.D.", "Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea", "Encuentran registros de megaterremoto ocurrido hace seis siglos en el norte de Chile", "Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai District, central Japan, based on seismotectoncs", "Tsunami earthquake can occur elsewhere along the Japan TrenchHistorical and geological evidence for the 1677 earthquake and tsunami", "Field investigations of the Nankaido Tsunamis in 1707 and 1854 along the South-west coast of Shikoku", Hoel, Christer, "The Skafjell Rock Avalanche in 1731," fjords.com Retrieved 23 June 2020, "Volcanic origin of the 1741 Oshima-Oshima tsunami in the Japan Sea", "Boulder accumulations produced by the 20th of February, 1743 tsunami along the coast of southeastern Salento (Apulia region, Italy)", "The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Loenvatnet lake in Norway is a popular choice. Their steep mountain walls, deep blue waters, and trickling waterfalls make for an awe-inspiring sight. The budget was super small, and it shows. The disaster of 1905. Unlike the Pacific Ocean, there was no organized warning service covering the Indian Ocean. It is a comprehensive threat and risk assessment featuring specific scenario planning, including the potential of a rockslide triggering a tsunami. Loen, Norway September 13, 1936. . glacier created massive tsunami, destroyed salmon habitat: study | Globalnews.ca", "A morning of large offshore earthquakes - what happened and future scenarios", "Tsunami waves hit New Zealand's coastline", "M 8.1 Earthquake and Tsunami in Kermadec Islands, New Zealand on 04 Mar 2021 19:28 UTC", "BMKG: Tsunami Due to Landslides Has Happened Several Times", "Update Gempa Maluku, BNPB Terus Monitor Dampak Gempa M 6,1", "M 7.8 99 km SSE of Perryville, Alaska", "M 8.2 Earthquake and Tsunami (2.6 m) in United States on 29 Jul 2021 06:15 UTC", Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System, "The 2021 South Sandwich Island Mw 8.2 Earthquake: A Slow Event Sandwiched Between Regular Ruptures", "Mixed earthquake signals in the South Sandwich Islands", "South Sandwich Islands Tsunami, August 12, 2021", "With a first unofficial report at hand (link below), I revisited my first tsunami simulation and compared it. ]]>, Site is produced by Visit Group with Citybreak Information & Reservation System, Citybreak Information & Reservation System. The same wave could also be responsible for the legend of Atlantis. Three very large to large earthquakes off the coast of Jalisco in June 1932 each generated tsunamis. On 07/10/1958, this tsunami killed a total of 5 people. Seriously? This article lists notable tsunamis, which are sorted by the date and location that the tsunami occurred. Wonderful acting too. Now, new research has charted the catastrophic surge and it appears that the Storegga tsunami 8,200 years ago would have consumed many Scottish cities. When the 900 meters mountain section slides down into the 320 meter deep fjord will slide 150 million tons of rock, triggering tsunami wave up to 80 meters high. In April or May 1781, according to Taiwan County records, in, The earthquake was the second of a sequence of five shocks that shook Calabria between 5 February and 28 March 1783. Stay up to date on the latest science news by signing up for our Essentials newsletter. Tsunami warnings were issued for the entire Pacific Rim. Regretfully we dont want to see the relationships that are destroyed because of such a disaster. Protagonist and family ALL survive. Earthquake-triggered underwater landslide. (Image credit: Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons). . Major disasters also occur when glacial . A plebiscite later that summer confirmed massive public support for independence and, following successful negotiations in the Swedish town of Karlstad, military conflict was averted. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center recorded a 76mm (3.0in) rise in sea level near the epicenter, and New Zealand scientists noted waves up to 14m (46ft) off the coast of Samoa. A tsunami had a chilling effect on Polynesian culture, some researchers suggest. Around 1600 BC, a tsunami caused by the eruption of Thira devastated the Minoan civilization on Crete and related cultures in the Cyclades, as well as in areas on the Greek mainland facing the eruption, such as the Argolid. Catastrophic, because just one cubic metre of clathrate can expand to 164 cubic metres of methane. Ramnefjellet killed 74 people. //-->
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