[44] To mark the occasion of Heydrich's December wedding, Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS-Sturmbannfhrer (major). His changes to the government's structure left President Emil Hcha and his cabinet virtually powerless. [111][112], On Himmler's instructions, Heydrich formed the Einsatzgruppen (task forces) to travel in the wake of the German armies at the start of World War II. [40] As his power and influence grew throughout the 1930s, his wealth grew commensurately; in 1935 he received a base salary of 8,400 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 38,766 in 2021) and an allowance of 12,000 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 55,379 in 2021) and by 1938 his income increased to 17,371 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 77,580 in 2021), annually. [141] A photograph of Heydrich's burial shows the wreaths and mourners to be in section A, which abuts the north wall of the Invalidenfriedhof and Scharnhorststrae, at the front of the cemetery. They were born into a wealthy and cultured household. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement on 18 December 1930. [62], On 17 June 1936, all police forces throughout Germany were united, following Hitler's appointment of Himmler as Chief of German Police. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective [128][129] After Kubi fled, Heydrich ordered Klein to chase Gabk on foot, and Gabk shot Klein in the leg before escaping. He organized mass executions in occupied countries during the early years of World War II. Himmler asked Heydrich to convey his ideas for developing an SS intelligence service. [10], Lina Heydrich gave birth to two sons, Klaus (born 17 June 1933) and Heider (born 23 December 1934). To realise his goals, Heydrich demanded racial classification of those who could and could not be Germanized. [58], With the SA out of the way, Heydrich began building the Gestapo into an instrument of fear. [9] He and Lina wed at a small church in Groenbrode on 26 December 1931. Reinhard heydrich und die wannsee konferenz historia. [145] She remarried once and died in 1985. Brother of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Private and Private. [7] He returned to Hamburg with the good news. Omissions? [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. Lina was already a Nazi Party follower and antisemite; she had attended her first rally in 1929. [11], Their fourth child, a daughter named Marte (born 23 July 1942) was born shortly after Reinhard Heydrich's death. Goodwill ambassadors were sent to countries that were considering a boycott. [75], On 27 September 1939, the SD and SiPo made up of the Gestapo and the Criminal Police, or Kripo were folded into the new Reich Security Main Office or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), which was placed under Heydrich's control. He was directly responsible for the Einsatzgruppen, the special task forces that travelled in the wake of the German armies and murdered more than two million people by mass shooting and gassing, including 1.3million Jews. The decision by Heider Heydrich, his son, to help rebuild the dilapidated castle in Panenske Brezany, near Prague, where he once lived has provoked fury. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). 'He offered to help gain money for it, for instance, via the European Union. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). [136] Hitler attended and placed Heydrich's decorationsincluding the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold, and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swordson his funeral pillow. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). Reinhard Heydrich. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. [90] He viewed the area as a bulwark of Germandom and condemned the Czech resistance's "stabs in the back". [132] A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. All the men were shot and the women and children were sent to concentration camps. [18], In 1918, World War I ended with Germany's defeat. Heydrich, pictured above on the left, was assassinated in 1942 by Czech commandos trained by Britain as he drove to Prague. [56] At Hitler's direction, Heydrich, Himmler, Gring, and Viktor Lutze drew up lists of those who should be killed, starting with seven top SA officials and including many more. Up to 200 people were killed in the action. [130][131], A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. "[107][108] Twenty thousand Jews were sent to concentration camps in the days immediately following;[109] historians consider Kristallnacht the beginning of the Holocaust. The comments below have been moderated in advance. [85], Heydrich created the "Zentralstelle IIP Polen" unit of the Gestapo in order to co-ordinate the ethnic cleansing of Poles in "Operation Tannenberg" and the Intelligenzaktion,[86] two codenames for extermination actions directed at the Polish people during the German occupation of Poland. He improved his index-card system, creating categories of offenders with colour-coded cards. [140] A recent biography of Heydrich also places the grave in Section A. Reinhard Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale, 20 miles northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony. the planned total measures are to be kept strictly secret the first prerequisite for the final aim ("Endziel") is the concentration of the Jews from the countryside into the larger cities. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Thereafter, all adults in Leky were murdered. [79] He discussed the matter with Himmler and both in turn brought it to Hitler's attention. [28] Heydrich married Lina in December 1931. In 1939 Heydrich became head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Central Office), which was in charge of all security and secret police in the Third Reich. [54] On 9 June 1934, Rudolf Hess declared the SD the official Nazi intelligence service. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire and tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Reinhard-Heydrich, Jewish Virtual Library - Reinhard Heydrich, HistoryNet - Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Reinhard Heydrich: In Depth, GlobalSecurity.org - Reinhard Heydrich (7. Corrections? Klaus died as a result of a traffic accident on 24 October 1943. [79] The Great Purge of the Red Army followed on Stalin's orders. [153][154] Overall, at least 1,300Czechs, including 200 women, were killed in reprisal for Heydrich's assassination. Heydrich's date of enlistment in 1931 was early enough to quell suspicion that he had joined only to further his career, but was not early enough for him to be considered an Old Fighter. Lina Heydrich (born Lina Mathilde von Osten; June 14, 1911 August 14, 1985) was the wife of assassinated SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, a central figure in Nazi Germany. [81] Soviet military prosecutors did not use SD forged documents against the generals in their secret trial; they instead relied on false confessions extorted or beaten out of the defendants. [4] He was one of the main architects of the Holocaust during the early war years, answering to and taking orders from only Hitler, Gring, and Himmler in all matters pertaining to the deportation, imprisonment, and extermination of Jews. [9] Reinhard was an altar boy, attending evening prayers and Mass every week with his mother as part of the Catholic minority in Halle. It was from the castle that Heydrich, who chaired the 1941 Wannsee Conference in Berlin that signed off the Holocaust programme, plotted SS round-ups of resisters. Reinhard passed away on June 4 1942, at age 38 in Prague. His mother was Heydrich's godmother. [132] Himmler ordered Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. WebI fondamenti ideologici Heinrich Himmler in uniforme da Reichsfhrer-SS. She was entitled to a substantial pension because her husband was a German Police general killed in action. Heydrich, initially a frail and sickly youth, was encouraged by his parents to exercise to build up his strength. Those who worked Heydrich feared him, as did those who were unfortunate enough to be under his control. He was a key organiser of the Holocaust, the head of the dreaded security section (SD) of the SS and tipped to one day succeed Hitler as Fuehrer. [17] However, the family maintained cordial relations with the Jewish community; many Jewish students attended the Halle Conservatory, and its cellar was rented out to a Jewish salesman. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). [89], On 27 September 1941, Heydrich was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich on 15 March 1939) and assumed control of the territory. [144] Lina wrote a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Living With a War Criminal), which was published in 1976. Rudolf Diels ( Berghausen, Renania 16 de diciembre de 1900 Katzenelnbogen, 18 de noviembre de 1957) fue un abogado y funcionario alemn que ejerci como primer lder de la Gestapo, en 1933-1934. Heydrich entered into the Hamburg SS on 14 July. Heydrich was the lead speaker. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. Heydrichs father, who directed a musical conservatory and sang Wagnerian roles in the opera, exposed his son to the cult of Richard Wagner, and his mother was a stern disciplinarian; the family was falsely suspected of partial Jewish ancestry. Their father, Bruno Heydrich was a composer and opera singer. Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. This led to a financial crisis for the Heydrich family. She spoke with several authors, wrote letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband (Heydrich) until her death at age 74 in August 1985 in Fehmarn. During Kristallnacht in November 1938, Heydrich ordered the arrest of thousands of Jews by the Gestapo and the SS and their imprisonment in concentration camps. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Berlin police are trying to find out who opened the unmarked grave of SS officer Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi killed by Czechoslovak agents in 1942. [92] Although small disorganised cells of Central Leadership of Home Resistance (stedn veden odboje domcho, VOD) survived, only the communist resistance was able to function in a coordinated manner (although it also suffered arrests). [77] Heydrich became the president of the International Criminal Police Commission (later known as Interpol) on 24 August 1940,[78] and its headquarters were transferred to Berlin. In 1941, he was appointed as 'protector' of Bohemia and Moravia, the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Third Reich. After a traitor in the Czech resistance betrayed their location,[147] the church was surrounded by 800 members of the SS and Gestapo. By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. Reinhard Heydrich was the protector of Czechoslovakia, which was renamed the province of Bohemia and Moravia by the Nazis. Heydrich not only felt he could no longer be a member, but came to consider the church's political power and influence a danger to the state. [142] Hitler planned for Heydrich to have a monumental tomb (designed by sculptor Arno Breker and architect Wilhelm Kreis) but, due to Germany's declining fortunes, it was never built. [99], As Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich applied carrot-and-stick methods. [143] The couple had four children: Klaus, born in 1933, killed in a traffic accident in 1943; Heider, born in 1934; Silke, born in 1939; and Marte, born shortly after her father's death in 1942. WebAnswer (1 of 5): From what I can recall of Heydrichs biography that I read, one of his young sons, Klaus, died during the war, as a result of a traffic accident in 1943. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Many of Heydrich's fellow cadets falsely regarded him as Jewish. The whole village was razed to the ground. Heinrich Himmler was born on October 7, 1900 to a middle-class family in Munich, Germany. ', He added: 'We must distinguish the son from the father. According to Czech historians, during the first martial law period (from 28 September 1941 until 20 January 1942), 486 people were executed. His aircraft was hit by Russian flak in action near the Dniester on 22 July, and he had to land the plane in enemy territory. [60] The courts were not allowed to investigate or interfere. He said: 'I don't have a problem. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. He learned the piano and violin by the time he was six years old. [90] Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides: "We will Germanize the Czech vermin. 3. Heydrich sent a telegram that night to various SD and Gestapo offices, helping to coordinate the pogrom with the SS, SD, Gestapo, uniformed police (Orpo), SA, Nazi party officials, and even the fire departments. [27] Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy in April. Newspapers have carried strong editorials decrying his 'insensitivity' at wanting to restore a place 'from where orders for the deaths of thousands were given'. He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. Text at the top reads "Lina, Reinhart Heydrich, and their children," which is contradictory to the sole child appearing in the image. [43] Information on thousands of people was recorded on index cards and stored at the Brown House. These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. [95][96][97], In March 1942, further sweeps against Czech cultural and patriotic organisations, the military, and the intelligentsia resulted in the practical paralysis of the London-based Czech resistance. [16] These rumours increased after his maternal uncle Hans Krantz married a Hungarian Jew named Iza Jarmy. [38] He set up office at the Brown House, the Nazi Party headquarters in Munich. In Prague, the day before the attack that led to his death, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lina_Heydrich&oldid=1137596810, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2015, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 14:04. [113] On 21 September 1939, Heydrich sent out a teleprinter message on the "Jewish question in the occupied territory" to the chiefs of all Einsatzgruppen with instructions to round up Jewish people for placement into ghettos, called for the formation of Judenrte (Jewish councils), ordered a census, and promoted Aryanization plans for Jewish-owned businesses and farms, among other measures. Rather than surrender, the soldiers killed themselves. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. Play it now! [13], His father was a German nationalist with loyalties to the Kaiser, who instilled patriotic ideas in his three children but was not affiliated with any political party until after World War I. Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. Reynard Heydrich lived in the lower castle and his family continued to live there until the Red Army forced them out in 1945. Eberstein met Heydrich at the train station and took him to see Himmler. [21] Heydrich stated he joined the Deutschvlkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund (National German Protection and Shelter League), an antisemitic organisation. [46] Wilhelm Canaris said he had obtained copies of documents proving Heydrich's Jewish ancestry. Under Defense Minister Gustav Noske's directives, a right-wing paramilitary unit was formed and ordered to "recapture" Halle. Edit your search or learn more. Heydrich used equipment confiscated from the Czech gymnastics organisation Sokol to organise events for workers. Do not sell or share my personal information. [123] On 20 January 1942, Heydrich chaired a meeting, now called the Wannsee Conference, to discuss the implementation of the plan. Eberstein met Heydrich at the railway station and took him to see Himmler. [c] The Einsatzgruppen units followed the army into Poland to implement the plans. [31], In 1931, Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight. [104], By 3 October 1941, Czechoslovak military intelligence in London had made the decision to kill Heydrich.[105][106]. [17] She spoke with several authors, sent in letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband until her own death at the age of 74 on 14 August 1985 in Fehmarn.[12]. In 1976, she published a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Life with a War Criminal). They began with Bavaria. While still chief of the By Lisette Allen 1st September 2017 The killing of Reinhard Heydrich, a key architect of the Final Solution, was one of the greatest acts of wartime resistance in occupied Europe. Managed by: Michael Rper. [127] To get from his home to the airport, Heydrich would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merges with a road to the Troja Bridge. This placed a serious strain on their marriage that nearly resulted in divorce. [25], Heydrich became notorious for his countless affairs. [118], On 10 October 1941, Heydrich was the senior officer at a "Final Solution" meeting of the RSHA[d] in Prague that discussed deporting 50,000 Jews from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to ghettos in Minsk and Riga. [80], Heydrich's SD forged documents and letters implicating Tukhachevsky and other Red Army commanders. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. Reinhard lived in Halle. WebAll Family Trees results for Reinhard Heydrich. [16] Manninen died in September 1969. Their mother was the daughter of the head of the Royal Conservatory of Dresden. He evaded a Soviet patrol and contacted a forward German patrol. The exact number of people who vanished under it has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be 7,000. [61] His wife, Lina, had already done so the year before. [71], In mid-1939, Heydrich created the Stiftung Nordhav Foundation to obtain real estate for the SS and Security Police to use as guest houses and vacation spots. Himmler became the Munich police chief and Heydrich became the commander of Department IV, the political police. To increase German control of the ghettos, he ordered the establishment of Judenrte (Jewish Councils) to implement German directives in the Jewish ghettos of German-occupied Poland. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. [148], Infuriated by Heydrich's death, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmlers chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. Kubi received a minor shrapnel wound to his face. [83] According to the decree, "persons endangering German security" were to be arrested in a maximally discreet way: "under the cover of night and fog". [164], Heydrich received a number of Nazi and military awards. ': James Bond fans convinced they know who is set to play next 007 after Hollywood actors drop MAJOR hint, Saboteurs wreck Russian train cut power cables 37mi from Ukraine, Woman dancing in the street films moment gunman opens fire, 'We're not your enemies!' [52], Hermann Gring founded the Gestapo in 1933 as a Prussian police force. Shortly thereafter, Lina von Osten joined the Nazi Party with party membership number 1,201,380. For other people with the surname, see, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. Webby Reinhard_Heydrich_ The Golden King of the Monsters (Male Reader HSDxD AGK FT) Table of contents. [94] Most of them were the members of the resistance that had previously been captured and were awaiting trial.