Commanders consider manmade features and their effects on natural terrain features and climate when they analyze terrain. Some-such as, bridges, communications towers, power plants, and dams-are traditional high-payoff targets. GobiernoUSA.gov| Commanders base their situational understanding on the COP. Data is rarely useful until it is processed to give it meaning. They generally maintain information of friendly forces two levels down. Has the potentially affected state(s) determined the status of in-patient behavioral health facilities? Therefore, commanders and ASCC G2s must ensure an optimized intelligence enterprise by preserving and stewarding intelligence capabilities as well as the intelligence core tasks (e.g. (See FM 5-0.) Execution information is information that directs, initiates, or regulates action, conduct, or procedure. 2-Geography has SIX Essential Elements. Commanders consider tangible and intangible factors when assigning missions. In order to focus the intelligence enterprise, the MIB (T) and the G2 use Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR) as its main driver to focus the intelligence apparatus. B-78. A PIR, along with Friendly Force Information Requirements (FFIR) and Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFI), is one of the three components of a Commanders Critical Information Requirement which is outlined in ADRP 5-0 as, an intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or the operational environment (JP 2-0). IPB is critical to analyzing and understanding the effect of terrain on friendly and enemy COAs. An introduction email should be part of your company's broader email marketing strategy. Effective staffs ensure that the vast amount of other information they collect is truly RI and not just nice to have. Full Motion Video of enemy formation, SIGINT collection, Cavalry Observation Post report of enemy movement. However, when their resolution is necessary to accomplish the mission, commanders become concerned with them. Staffs identify RI for their particular IRs from the mass of available data within the COP and transform it into knowledge and understanding. All the essential topics in information theory are covered in detail, including . Cover and Concealment. Does it include at-risk needs? Part 2 - Essential Elements of Information, : The first subcomponent that a PIR is comprised of is the Essential Elements of Information or EEI. What is the hospital surge capacity in the anticipated path of the storm? Exceptional information results from an unexpected extraordinary event, such as an unforeseen opportunity for success or an early warning of an unforeseen threat. Essential elements of friendly information are the critical aspects of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation, and therefore must be protected from enemy detection (FM 3-13). B-40. Commanders apply their judgment to information from the COP and running estimates to achieve situational understanding. Examples of good PIR include: Where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force? How will the Donovians use chemical weapons? Most non-intelligence soldiers only ever see this part of the equation. The answers the Program Delivery Manager received from the Applicant while asking questions from the Essential Elements of Information questionnaire during the Recovery Scoping Meeting produce documentation requirements in Grants Portal The enemy, terrain and weather, and civil consideration contributions to the COP come from many sources, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets and combat information. EEIs, or measures of situation awareness work the same way as quality control measures work on a process. Will FEMA establish mass care shelters in designated mobilization bases to care for non-medical attendants and family members of patients under the care of HHS Federal Medical Stations? Would an overhead satellite image effectively answer the question or do you need Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI) because the PIR can only be answered by the detection of movement? Obstacles. These decisions and assessments produce new questions that address the changed situation and future command decisions. In the U.S. Army Intelligence & Security Command (USINSCOM), proper implementation of the intelligence apparatus, using a PIR-driven methodology and enterprise synchronization, is part of a Line of Effort (LOE) for most Brigade Commanders and the HQs, as it is key task to set the theater. 4. Doing so allows the lower echelon to leverage the analytical power and collection capability of the next higher headquarters. Individually or collectively, people can affect a military operation positively, negatively, or neutrally. Column 3, Specific Information Required - The question to be answered or data to be provided byDepartment/Agency (D/A) or OPDIV/STAFFDIV identified in Column 4.Column 4, Data Collector(s) - The Department/Agency (D/A) or OPDIV/STAFFDIV responsible for providing the requested information to the Information Cell.Column 5, Data Source(s) To be completed by the Data Collector. Will Federal assistance be needed to evacuate patients in nursing homes, assisted living, or other residential care facilities? Other business practices compliment the process, too, such as (1) Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR) for collection, analysis, production, and dissemination; (2) Intelligence Handover Lines (IHL) for mission federation; (3) PIR-SIR-SOR-SDR for sensor synchronization; and (4) intelligence architecture for sensor and apparatus customization. They can anticipate the consequences of both their own force's actions and the enemy's. Ideally, commanders assign each subordinate a mission and an area of operations (AO) without further restrictions. It is provided by standard reports and ISR activities. PIRs identify the information about the enemy and other aspects of the operational environment that the commander considers most important., Part 1 - The Priority Intelligence Requirement. If so, how many, where, with what mission(s)? Relevant information is all information of importance to the commander and staff in the exercise of command and control (FM 3-0). The analyst digests these indicators while working towards answering the Essential Elements of Information. The civilian population may or may not successfully incorporate these changes within its existing cultural value system. But as can be seen in the example above once those EEIs are answered the blue force commander will have a clearer understanding of the battlefield which will allow him to make an effective decision. Enemies always have opportunities to unhinge them. It is useful to separate people into distinct categories. In those cases, commanders may designate that question as one of their CCIR, which generates PIR or FFIR. They consider both friendly and enemy perspectives. Terrain and weather are natural conditions. What is the scope of the incident and the response? These teams regularly update terrain information to reflect the effects of combat, as well as of nature. 3- Maps and other geographic tools get Information from a Spatial perspective. It is not a procedural act, but an act of learning. Organizations involved in recovery should develop EEIs to support their situational awareness and assessment efforts prior . Execution information takes many forms: including, orders, plans, directives, memorandums, and regulations. A principal task of information management (IM) is to collect information and transform it by adding progressively greater meaning at each level of the cognitive hierarchy. The world's increasing urbanization means that the attitudes and activities of the civilian population in the AO often influence the outcome of military operations. It avoids obstacles and contributes to protection of the force by providing adequate maneuver space. B-44. Assessment of Public Health/Medical Needs, What is the status of critical infrastructure in the affected area(s) (i.e. Terrain and weather are relatively neutral; they favor neither side unless one is better prepared to operate in the environment or is more familiar with it (for example, fighting on friendly territory). Each level of information has a different value in supporting command and control (C2). (See figure B-2.) Health and Social Services EEIs (Impact Data). Without this focus collectors and analysts are left to determine for themselves what they think the priority is. Still others are facilities with practical applications-such as, jails, warehouses, television and radio stations, and print plants-that may be useful for military purposes. Hardware refers to the computers themselves, along with any and all peripherals, including servers, routers, monitors, printers and storage devices. According to the World Health Organization, these nutrients must come from food, and they're vital. Figure B-2 shows the relationship of IM, RI, and IRs. They generally have a hierarchical structure, defined goals, established operations, fixed facilities or meeting places, and a means of financial or logistic support. Is DOD assistance available to provide bulk transport support for medical supplies/equipment/personnel? They tell the analyst what information the commander needs most in order to make decisions that can potentially change the outcome of the mission and save soldiers lives. Commanders analyze terrain and weather for favorable and unfavorable conditions. B-11. B-22. B-60. What is the projected location and spread of the plume in the potentially affected areas, to include the IMAAC plume models? As both processed data (information) and analyzed and evaluated information (knowledge) about the enemy and environment, intelligence is crucial to commanders' achieving situational understanding. B-77. The answer to this PIR ends up being, the Donovian commander will commit his breach against 1-24INs battle positions. During planning, CCIR are established by WARNO. The six most common elements of life on Earth (including more than 97% of the mass of a human body) are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and phosphorus. In intelligence: Levels of intelligence they are usually called the essential elements of information and are defined as those items of intelligence information about a foreign power, armed force, target, or physical environment that are absolutely vital for timely and accurate decision making. Commanders and staffs can recognize relationships among events in the area of interest, discern the way the enemy thinks, and forecast what he might do. Commanders can save more time by using standing operating procedures (SOPs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), and habitual relationships. Reports normally convey COP-related information. As depicted in Figure 1 each subsequent part of the PIR forms a subset of the part before it. Standard supporting plans, such as rear area security plans, are a form of TTP. IM is a dynamic process that supports commanders in the fast-moving operational environment. In this example knowing that the Donovian commander will commit his fixing force against Alpha Company in Granite Pass may cause the blue force commander to reinforce one of his other units in anticipation of the enemys main force. B-47. Cold weather slows both soldiers and machines; however, it freezes water and allows movement across normally wet areas that are otherwise difficult to pass. What health services are available? Based on their situational understanding and recommendations from the running estimates, commanders make decisions and revise the CCIR as needed to fill gaps in information needed to make future decisions. Use this choice board to reinforce and/or introduce the Six Essential Elements of Geography. What is the Federal plan for distribution and allocation of medical supplies to include main and alternate supply points and supporting terminals to be used or considered? What behavioral health care response elements (if any) have deployed, including IRCT, ERT-A, etc.? What Are the Four Basic Functions of a Computer. Where? The activities of a force-or individual members of a force-can have far-reaching effects on the legitimacy of all military operations-offense, defense, stability, or support. What is the state(s) plan on applying for FEMA crisis counseling grants? It is people who design and operate the software, input the data, build the hardware and keep it running, write the procedures and it is ultimately people who determine the success or failure of a CBIS. From the Collection Battalion to the Army Service Component Command (ASCC), PIR (and the analysis that goes into answering them) are one the most important tasks of the Intelligence enterprise. Have communications been established with the JIC and State EOCs? B-3. Analyzing a structure involves determining how its location, functions, and capabilities can support the operation. B-34. Commanders analyze their forces for weaknesses and vulnerabilities that enemies might exploit, and act to counter them. Small Wars Journal is published by Small Wars Foundation - a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. Commanders remain familiar with organizations operating in their AOs. CCIR result from the analysis of IRs in the context of a mission and commander's intent. See Regional Analysis and Louisiana Recovery Plan for facilities sheltering in place. The following criteria, listed in relative order of importance, help do this: B-80. What are the locations/contact information for the facilities/providers? This appendix lists the essential elements of information related to a public health emergency or disaster response and the associated data source or agency. Commanders analyze key civilian areas in terms of how they affect the missions of their individual forces as well as how military operations affect these areas. In computer-based information systems, procedures are frequently covered in instruction or user manuals that describe how to use the hardware, software and data. Corridors (ridge and valley systems) can either form natural avenues of approach (if they run toward an objective), or obstacles to movement (if they run perpendicular to the direction of movement, forming cross compartments). A/B Test Everything 3. Without software, the hardware wouldn't be very useful. In "Fundamentals of Information Systems," Ralph Stair and George Reynolds define a computer-based information system (CBIS) as a "single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information." Lieutenant Colonel James King is a US Army Intelligence Officer. Is DOD assistance available to provide critical medical resource logistics and distribution support? Send Emails in a Series 2. Data is the lowest level of information on the cognitive hierarchy. As commanders allocate tasks and resources to subordinates, they ensure their decisions support the decisive operation and the higher commander's intent. B-75. "Global Integrated Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Operations", "Michigan EEI Template, Healthcare response worksheet", "The Importance of Priority Intelligence Requirements to the Army Service Component Command (ASCC) and the Intelligence Apparatus", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essential_elements_of_information&oldid=1022485879, "what is the current location of the adversary SA-20 battery?". The commander designates determining whether the enemy has discovered the location and movement of the friendly reserve as one of the CCIR. It also depends on how much time is usable; for example, for some activities, hours of darkness are useable time, while for others they are not. EEFI state the friendly force information that, if compromised to the enemy, would place mission accomplishment in jeopardy. Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN). Original content is published under aCreative Commons Licenseper ourTerms of Use. Finally, multiple forms of knowledge distill under judgment into understanding. CCIR limit information reported to commanders to information critical to decisionmaking. When analyzing people, commanders consider historical, cultural, ethnic, political, economic, and humanitarian factors. Civil considerations comprise six characteristics, expressed in the memory aid ASCOPE: B-41. IM begins (at the lower left corner of figure B-2) with questions that the commander and staff need answered to exercise C2. Weather can create opportunities as well as difficulties for each side. Does the potentially affected state(s) plan to use EMAC for behavioral health resources? ESF #8 Pre-Scripted Mission Assignments (PSMAs), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Managing Information and intelligence management includes identifying essential elements of information (EEI). Column 1, EEI Number - The reference number assigned to each EEI to be collected. B-61. This is information that helps to coordinate what type of collection asset would best be able to collect the information needed to answer the PIR. EEFI answer the question, How can I (the commander) prevent the enemy force from seeing me? Commanders identify potential enemy and friendly engagement areas through observation and fields of fire. The commander and staff tailor their display for resolution and content appropriate to their echelon of command and the mission. The second step of intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) helps commanders with this complex task. Finding the things that are critical to quality means looking at the various possible failure modes, and root causes behind those failures. Parallel planning can help make the most of time available. Are CDC health physicists alerted to deploy for field dosimetry and consultation in victim decontamination? Essential elements of friendly information. COP-related information is grouped into the major subject categories of METT-TC. A commander's moral responsibility to protect noncombatants influences planning and preparing for operations. Examples of events precipitated by military forces include combat operations, deployments, redeployments, and paydays. Unexpected, unplanned, and situation-dependent. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are the key pieces of qualitative and quantitative data necessary to develop situational awareness for decision-making. The mission is the task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore (JP 1-02). Knowledge, including aspects of running estimates, can often be represented on displays of the COP. This appendix expands the discussion of information in chapter 3. The colors in the spectra show dips, the size of which reveal the amount of these elements in the atmosphere of a star. Then, the EEI questions are used by collectors of the information that may not be in direct contact with the consumer at the time the information is collected. B-18. (See paragraphs 3-39-3-73.) Because sources of information are imperfect and susceptible to distortion and deception, IM includes carefully assessing information quality. What response elements (if any) have deployed, including ERT-A, Human Services Assessment Teams, etc.? Information requirements are all information elements the commander and staff require to successfully conduct operations; that is, all elements necessary to address the factors of METT-TC. Time-sensitive. EEIs are also used in non-intelligence fields, such as responders to crisis events or medical emergencies. (See FM 22-100.). B-10. These considerations can influence the choice of a COA and the execution of operations. water supply, ground contamination) been restored to pre-event levels. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are the key pieces of qualitative and quantitative data necessary to develop situational awareness for decision-making. Part 4 - Specific Information Requirements. This integration is essential to reaching understanding because it involves reducing the total number of bits to consider at any one time. The latest edition of this classic is updated with new problem sets and material The Second Edition of this fundamental textbook maintains the books tradition of clear, thought-provoking instruction. What are the safety and health recommendations for facilities that cannot be evacuated (if requested by the state)? Many people make the mistake of trying to encompass more than one question into a PIR, When and where will the Donovian commander used his fixing force? This question is asking two distinct things, when will the commander use his forces and where will he use them. This is not true. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Consequently, commanders never assume their operations will unfold as planned. The effects of terrain on operations vary, depending on whether a force is defending or attacking. Although CCIR generate PIR and FFIR for management, the focus for the staff is answering the CCIR to support the commander's visualization and decisionmaking.