In many Asian collectivist cultures, who is typically the first in line to care for an elderly individual? It is most likely that. doi: 10.1177/0022022104268386, Lavner, J. a. continuous, intimate companionship with a loved one. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Changes in relative income may lead to marital dissatisfaction; specifically, when a wife's income increases relative to her husband's income, marital satisfaction tends to decrease (Furdyna, Tucker, and James 2008). c. Marital satisfaction tends to decrease after the couple has children. The possible answers in this scale were the same as in its original version (House et al., 1999). IntroductionForms of committed relationships, including formal marriage arrangements between men and women exist in almost every culture (Bell, 1997). However, sex differences in marital satisfaction may differ across cultures due to traditional sex roles (Pardo et al., 2012) and larger-scale cultural variables, such as sex egalitarianism (Taniguchi and Kaufman, 2013). A foreign country begins exporting the product in high volume? Some people maintain that cohabitation is replacing marriage in the United States, J. Fam. 38, 168187. Fam. Yet, similarly to many other psychological constructs (Henrich et al., 2010), marital satisfaction and its correlates have been investigated almost exclusively in Western countries (e.g., Bradbury et al., 2000). b.remain stable for most couples until the "seven-year itch." c.decrease somewhat over the first year of marriage. c. once set in motion will never "unwind." d. identity, According to happily married couples, emotional support is much more important than romantic love. 38, 85111. the impact on children is worsened if both parents bring children in the reconstituted family, In the US, about 1 in every___children are victims of substantial maltreatment, ____abuse is the most common form of family violence worldwide. A higher number indicated higher marital satisfaction. d. gauntlet. d. not been measured. Aging Hum. b. investment 35. Men and women both report greater marital satisfaction with younger spouses, but that satisfaction fades over time in marriages with significant age gaps. In countries where more than one person filled in the questionnaire at the same time, we were concerned with their anonymity and the fact that they were not influencing each other. Financial information is presented below for three different companies. be more likely to divorce than 1st-time married couples once they are married. A husband's attitude is a crucial component to a happy marriage, he explains, as "husbands who make the philosophical transition that moms tend . a. recent research has shown that the ______grandparenting style is the most common in the US, In the US, most grandparents prefer a role that is, high in enjoyment and low in responsibility, why have grandparents been referred to as "the family national guard". Which item tends to increase in older married couples? Older adults ____. Requirement. b. gender roles Because families may consist of configurations other than mother-father-child(ren), some have suggested that the term _____ be used. d. intimate and passionate without being overly committed. Who is most likely to experience the greatest amount of caregiver burden? 23. In general, marital satisfaction tends to increase after a couple has children. d. interfaith relationships. Which statement concerning reconstituted families is true? 3, 259268. Data from 7,767 individuals was collected in 33 countries: Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Uganda. A)young adulthood B)early adulthood C)late adulthood D)quarterly adulthood. Gender has long been identified in the literature as a predictor of marital satisfaction (Bernard, 1972). PSYCH CH 11.pdf. 33, 6183. Importantly, age should be examined as a predictor of marital satisfaction with respect to the duration of the marriage. doi: 10.2307/352936, Keywords: marital satisfaction, cross-cultural research, relationships, Religion and Psychology, family studies, Citation: Sorokowski P, Randall AK, Groyecka A, Frackowiak T, Cantarero K, Hilpert P, Ahmadi K, Alghraibeh AM, Aryeetey R, Bertoni A, Bettache K, Baejewska M, Bodenmann G, Bortolini TS, Bosc C, Butovskaya M, Castro FN, Cetinkaya H, Cunha D, David D, David OA, Espinosa ACD, Donato S, Dronova D, Dural S, Fisher M, Akkaya AH, Hamamura T, Hansen K, Hattori WT, Hromatko I, Gulbetekin E, Iafrate R, James B, Jiang F, Kimamo CO, Ko F, Krasnodbska A, Laar A, Lopes FA, Martinez R, Mesko N, Molodovskaya N, Qezeli KM, Motahari Z, Natividade JC, Ntayi J, Ojedokun O, Omar-Fauzee MSB, Onyishi IE, zener B, Paluszak A, Portugal A, Realo A, Relvas AP, Rizwan M, Sabiniewicz AL, Salkievi S, Sarmny-Schuller I, Stamkou E, Stoyanova S, ukolov D, Sutresna N, Tadinac M, Teras A, Ponciano ELT, Tripathi R, Tripathi N, Tripathi M, Yamamoto ME, Yoo G and Sorokowska A (2017) Marital Satisfaction, Sex, Age, Marriage Duration, Religion, Number of Children, Economic Status, Education, and Collectivistic Values: Data from 33 Countries. Because our study concerned family, we used only items regarding familial collectivism (Family Collectivistic Practices; House et al., 1999). Pebbles's situation provides a great example of, The "middle generation squeeze" refers to, middle-aged adults who find themselves simultaneously caring for both younger and older generations. In addition, Alley received cash both for 2,000 shares of its$10 par preferred stock at par value and for 9,000 shares of its no-par common stock at $45 per share. Marriage and Relationship Questionnaire: MARQ Handbook. Psychol. 65, 283300. Term. Cronbach's alpha for the scale calculated on the pooled data was 0.90. 80-year-old Nick, whose dementia makes her disruptive and who engages in socially inappropriate behavior, Will and Grace are a romantically involved but unmarried couple living together. end to show behavioral impacts (e.g., aggression toward peers) and intellectual impacts (e.g., lower IQs). b. Marital satisfaction is not affected by having children if the marriage was already a good one. According to the family lifecycle approach, the initial stage of the family cycle involves a. While we acknowledge the differences existing both between- and within-cultures, we measured marital satisfaction and several factors that might potentially correlate with it based on self-report data from individuals across 33 countries. couples who engage in cohabitation before marriage tend to. More daunting, they had to figure out their marriage, and how to transition from being a couple to being a family. Fathers are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" (tickling, bouncing) with their children, _______who are supportive contribute to better cognitive, social, and emotional development in their children, Julie wants special permission to stay out on a date past her normal curfew. a. and their partners share similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles. Normative . Religious influence on marital stability. Christian, Jewish, Mormon, and Muslim perspectives. The first year after Lilah was born was a bumpy one for Ben and Taylor. b. In general, studies on marital relationships have found that negative marital processes such as conflict and disagreement are linked with lower marital satisfaction and that both these variables are linked with psychological well-being in expected ways. Bernard, J. J. Marr. c. emotional For example, one study found that women's lower sexual desire predicted lower marital satisfaction for both members of the . In general, adults who never marry tend to be. developed in the 20th century as people began to live longer and have fewer children. True a. homogamy. b. Psychol. Whose care is most likely to lead to caregiver burden if they are taken in by an adult child? 12, 529533. J. The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: a review of theory, methods, and research. d. selection (CORRECT), Which of the following is an accurate statement? Int. Participants completed a series of standard questions concerning: (1) gender, (2) age, (3) marriage duration in years (4) number of children and number of raised children, (5) religiosity and religious affiliation, (6) subjective economic status (7) education, (8) individual level of collectivistic values, and (9) cultural level of individualism. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. 21, 205214. Psychol. In general, marital satisfaction tends to be the highest during ___ _ a. young adulthood b. early adulthood (s) late adulthood d. quarterly adulthood 10. Spirituality and marital satisfaction in African American couples. 10, 551568. Rates of happiness are highest in the years prior to the birth of the first child. In general, marital quality tends to gradually decline during the first years of marriage for most couples (Karney and Bradbury 1997; Kurdek 1998). doi: 10.1080/019261800261815, Dillon, L. M., and Beechler, M. P. (2010). Pers. Ther. We measured gender, age, duration of marriage, religiosity, number of children, economic status, education and individualism/collectivism. His behavior best exemplifies. Generally, PREP tends only to affect marital satisfaction for the first 18 months of marriage. According to lecture, time out should be used in place of physical punishment. The relationship between martial satisfaction and well-being: variations and explanations. Rep. 53, 567572. After that, any benefits of the program disappear. Why is this? In the United States, the most common form of mistreatment involves. Women are more likely to express love verbally, while men are more likely to express love \text{Other expenses and losses} & 4,000 & 7,000 & \text{(l)}\\ Select one: a. mother, father, and one or more children. b. decreased. doi: 10.1007/BF02197600, Weisfeld, G. E., Nowak, N. T., Lucas, T., Weisfeld, C. C., Imamolu, E. O., Butovskaya, M., et al. a. sex. J. A majority of high school seniors, both girls and boys, say that having a good marriage and family is not important to them. General intelligence factor; City Colleges of Chicago, Harold Washington College PSYCH 224. When interviewed about the impact of parenthood on their lives, most parents emphasize the. Res. Hum. In The stress of caring for a toddler tends to be greater than caring for an infant. & \textbf{Cosmetics} & \textbf{Grocery} & \textbf{Wholesalers}\\ J. Depending on the country, students were recruited in different ways (e.g., students, acquaintances of the researchers, participants of vocational courses, inhabitants of home towns of the researchers etc.). have inaccurate expectations concerning child development. 24, 435462. Baby Alice smiling and her dad, Mel, who upon seeing the smile, giving her some candy. a.play a game of kickball; discuss a breakup. They do not want to marry a man who cannot support himself economically. Detailed place of the study, recruitment strategy and form of the study. Hilpert et al. J. b.share a dark secret; talk about his parents. 111. Marital satisfaction tends to be highest in middle-aged couples. what is commonly cited advantage of an extended family? Sci. b. varies widely from one state to another. Morticia is more likely than her mother was to work outside of the home. _____ abuse is the most common form of family violence worldwide. How does religion influence marriage? Results of this analysis indicated that KMSS scale was reliable and culturally equivalent (Table 2). 25. Parenthood and marital satisfaction: a meta-analytic review. every relationship within the system has an impact on every other individual in the system. The nature and predictors of the trajectory of change in marital quality for husbands and wives over the first 10 years of marriage. The associations of dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction vary between and within Nations: a 35-Nation Study. The weirdest people in the world?. The most common form of grandparenting in the United States appears to be one where there is. Psychol. Low income or material hardship is associated with a serious threat to marital quality and stability (Lichter and Carmalt, 2009). In referred to as the __________ effect Couples can complete PREP lessons online for free. 62, 964980. a. protection c. cultural norms and values. The awareness of ourselves as male or female and how we express our sexual values, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs is called our How many of the following available roles (mother, husband, sister, son) would be seen in a family with two parents and two children (one boy and one girl)? However, even if both partners took part in the study, their answers did not influence each other, because when both a wife and a husband were taking part in the research, they were completing their questionnaires separately. 14, No. b.marriages tend to crumble due to the build up of negative feelings that accumulate over the years. b. a. Husbands and wives can share economic and child rearing responsibilities. J. Sci. Final Exam Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopa, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. The invention of the birth control pill separated sex and childbearing for women. Cultural and evolutionary components of marital satisfaction A multidimensional assessment of measurement invariance. Age, marital status, education, General Questionnaire: . J. Erikson would argue that the positive feeling of self associated with the empty nest in middle age indicates a successful attainment of a sense of, "Refilling" (adult children returning to the nest) is most likely to occur as the result of. whose care is most likely to lead to caregiver burden if they are taken in by an adult. As a child, Chester was physically abused by his mother. optimization. If a father gives his son advice on how to play soccer and a mother tells her daughter that she is a good cook, the parents are engaging in love and romance. Before the family systems perspective, the major focus of developmentalists who studied the family was on _____ relationships. b. but this is true only among those over age 39. d. critical commenting. Dating someone who possesses similar social characteristics, such as ethnicity and age, is called (CORRECT) d . One previously published study has been based on the presented dataset. Psychol. This scale was created to test pride in and loyalty to family (and/or organization) and family (and/or organizational) cohesiveness. Perhaps not. Introduction. After that, any benefits of the program. In all societies, the physical and cognitive problems that become more common in the course of late adulthood often contribute to __________. d. exogamy. Back-translation for cross-cultural research. a. Singles are tied to their mother's apron strings. True. It appears that _____ can protect a child from the impact of abuse. The cultural matrix of social psychology, in The Handbook of Social Psychology, eds D. T., Gilbert, S. T., Fiske, and G. Lindzey (San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill), 915981. SCHOOL AGE ATI Growth and Development Template-3.docx. Prenuptial agreements only cover the couple's financial arrangements. Russell, R. J. H., and Wells, P. A. b. sexual identity. False, By age 34, the majority of U.S. adults have been married. There are versions of the PREPARE/ENRICH Inventory for ______________. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Study Relig. Fam. married couples who voluntarily remain "childfree". Issues 35, 19401958. Importantly, after controlling for year of marriage, to account for different follow-up times across respondents, and for sex, age, educational background, ethnicity, household income, religious . Marital satisfaction of husbands and wives, for example, tends to be high at the beginning of the marriage and remain so into the procreation stage (children ages 0-2.5), falls as children age and reaches its lowest point when the children are teenagers, and then increases again when the children reach adulthood and leave home (Lupri and . The psychological distress associated with providing assistance for someone with a cognitive or physical impairment is called. Depression has been proven to be one of the most common health issues among college students (Ibrahim et al., 2013).Medical students have a higher rate of depression than students from other specialties (Iorga et al., 2018) or the general population (Brenneisen Mayer et al., 2016).In a systematic review, medical students were reported to be at high risk of depression, with a . 7:1106. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01106. a. True The KMSS has previously been validated for studies involving non-Western samples (Shek and Tsang, 1993). There is no precise or minimum acceptable difference in partners' ages that will guarantee a lasting relationship. Bull. Religiosity was measured using a single item (Are you religious?), and responses ranged from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely religious). b. With a larger age gap, dating may be fulfilling, but . socioemotional selectivity theory. If they are like more couples in this situation, you would expect that they. c. increased steadily. Children and marital satisfaction in a non-Western sample: having more children increases marital satisfaction among the Igbo people of Nigeria. relationship and decreased marital satisfaction. a. and they are correct as young people no longer desire to marry. Positive expectations have major advantages and allow us to think positively about our partner, leading to better relationships an. In general, young adults are healthy and fit, but they often develop poor health habits. PS and AS coordinated the project. Due to his level of interaction, Butch might best be considered a substitute parent for his grandson Patrick. a. Which is a commonly cited advantage of the extended family household? in marital satisfaction varies from one study to another. True Differences between the original English version and the back-translation were discussed, and mutual agreements were made on the most appropriate translation. on the rare days he shows up at school, he invaraibly end up in a fight and leaves early. In developed countries, the median age of retirement is ___ _ a. b. Cross-cultural research shows much variation in the characteristics that are typically ascribed to d. to get away from the family of origin. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.07.003, Lucas, T., Parkhill, M. R., Wendorf, C. A., Imamoglu, E. O., Weisfeld, C. C., Weisfeld, G. E., et al. The procedure across almost all study sites was identicalthey completed the paper-and-pencil questionnaires with an approximate time of participation of 30 min, with an exception of two countries (Switzerland and Bulgaria) where some participants filled in the questionnaires online. Select one: a. decrease. Further, they can examine the indirect replicability of previously conducted studies of correlates of marital satisfaction. Res. doi: 10.2307/1387856, Crane, D. R., Middleton, K. C., and Bean, R. A. 118, 334. Western societies, the single greatest attraction of marriage is Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning men, women, and intimacy? d. Specifically, the 9-item version of the MRQ (Love Scale) was used because it has been found to be appropriate for cross-cultural use in terms of satisfactory psychometric characteristics (Lucas et al., 2008; Weisfeld et al., 2011). Which concept is also known as "the sandwich generation"? The Chinese version of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale: some psychometric and normative data. c. is fairly similar around the world. Yet, similarly to many other psychological constructs (Henrich et al., 2010), marital satisfaction and its correlates have been investigated almost exclusively in Western countries (e.g., Bradbury, Fincham, & Beach, 2000). For example, fulfilling familial duties may be beneficial for marital satisfaction in a traditional Chinese marriage (Wang, 1994), whereas fulfilling hedonistic goals of husbands and wives seems to predict marital satisfaction in Western countries (e.g., Lalonde et al., 2004). True According to Sternberg, the mix of intimacy, passion, and commitment can vary from one relationship to another. Establishing criterion scores for the Kansas marital satisfaction scale and the revised dyadic adjustment scale. Fam. Which situation would make parenthood especially difficult for a first-time parent? 1 / 40. the family systems approach to understanding family suggests that. Results of the analysis of cultural equivalence of the scale. 22. a. b. c. d. Which of the following was a characteristic of the sexual revolution? Dr. Bahira Trask Fall 2017 Using the National Survey of Family Growth data, Heaton (2002) round opposite results, wherein marital dissolution was lower among women who were more educated. Married couples who voluntarily remain "childfree". c. cohabiting for at least 10 years first The family systems approach to understanding families suggests that. The results indicated that the scale was culturally equivalent (Table 2). Other studies provide data indicating marital satisfaction as being curvilinear, high among young couples, declining . O Marital happiness tends to be highest during the first year of marriage. a. Families with young children c. Families in the middle years d. Aging families. J. Evol. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Job satisfaction is related to general life satisfaction, although there has been limited research on how the two influence each other or whether personality and cultural factors affect both job and general life satisfaction. Evol. are negatively impacted if parents "played favorites" with one of the siblings. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. 2. Issues 23, 392409. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.06.005, Pardo, Y., Weisfeld, C., Hill, E., and Slatcher, R. B. a. turns once, slowly, for all couples. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00757.x, Lee, G., and Shehan, C. L. (1989). In fact, marital happiness may actually decline when a wife earns more than her husband. Dr. Bahira Trask Fall 2017 he has now begun to physically abuse his daughter. In Saudi Arabia, the research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University. doi: 10.1177/0265407593104005, Karney, B. R., and Bradbury, T. N. (1995). Similarly, the greater the perceived benefits are, the more satisfied one is with . yields satisfaction directly, it may be assumed that medical care along with other purchased goods and services, the individual's own time, and the time of other family members combine to produce the commodity "good health," which is the actual source of utility.4 In general, family utility is considered to be a function of a vector in general, marital satisfaction tends to decrease after a couple has children; most parents experience more frequent conflicts and disagreements after having children than to childless spouses; increased stress, good communication goes down . Schmitt, M., Kliegel, M., and Shapiro, A. a. False. (Citation 2007) found that higher levels of marital quality were positively related both concurrently and . It is most likely that. Dating or marrying someone from a social, racial, ethnic, religious, or age group different from one's own is called Her parents, who are authoritarian parents, are most likely to respond, The permissive parenting approach is characterized by____acceptance-responsiveness and ____demandingness-control, James is a member of a teenage gang. However, this decline appears to be more drastic in married couples with children (Belsky and Hsieh, 1998; Kurdek 1999; Lawrence et al. (1972). Beginning families b. Cultural influences on leadership and organizations: project GLOBE, in Advances in Global Leadership, eds W. H. Mobley, M. J. Gessner, and V. Arnold (Stamford, CT: JAI Press), 171233. Couples. He's doing drugs and is into petty crime. Social norms emphasized that love, sex, and marriage were intertwined. "His and her marriage" refers to the notion that [].In a longitudinal study by Fisher and McNulty with 72 couples in Ohio, United States, high levels of neuroticism . d. instrumental dilemma. One of only two factories that made the product shuts down. 52, 709722. True Make up the spare room because one of their children is about to move back home. d. Men in traditional relationships do not have to worry about household chores. \text{Net sales} & 86,000 & 95,000 & \text{(i)}\\ Alley Corporation recently organized. and . Factors contributing to increasing marital stability in the United States. have added new roles that complicate their lives. In an intrinsic marriage, if the love or passion cools, there . doi: 10.2190/AG.65.4.a, Schumm, W. R., and Bugaighis, M. A. Table 2. Dr. Bahira Trask Fall 2017 In other words, they did not find any evidence of increases in marital satisfaction following the . high in enjoyment and low in responsibility. Since 1960, the rate of cohabitation has Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning American's self-reports of marital happiness? Participants answered this questions on a 7-point scale, which ranged from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 7 (very satisfied). We also analyzed the reliability of each scale of marital satisfaction (Table 1), and we conducted an exploratory factor analysis in each sample for the MRQ scale. a. doi: 10.1177/0265407595124005, Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., and Beach, S. R. (2000). \text{Gross profit} & \text{(b)} & 38,000 & 24,000\\ Dev. In general, higher . A higher number indicated higher marital satisfaction. The criteria of a satisfying marriage may vary greatly based on one's larger cultural context, specifically on whether the culture primarily identifies as a collectivistic or an individualistic one (Dillon and Beechler, 2010). The company issued common stock to an inventor in exchange for a patent with a market value of $56,000. According to Narciso and Costa (1996), the relationship's quality and marital satisfaction in different areas of the couple's life are concerned throughout two crucial dimensions: love and conjugal functioning.Conjugal functioning refers to how a couple organizes and manages relationships within their conjugal/family holon, covering aspects such as roles and functions, free time, autonomy .
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