What needs to be done to open the Marcos trove? [12], The Chaves Report suggested that the Philippine Government would have immediately recovered the $213 million in July 1986 from Credit Suisse and its affiliates had the operation not been stopped by PCGG Chairman Salonga and Solicitor-General Ordoez, and that this would have "paved the way to the recovery of the other deposits of the Marcoses with the Swiss banks" which was estimated by the Chaves Report to be at least $3 billion. The FB netizens erroneous video garnered 2.1 million views, 65,000 interactions, and could have reached 24 million people, according to social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle. A Swiss federal court has ruled that the money belongs to Manila, but that to recover the funds it must file charges against Marcos widow, Imelda, by December. By continuing, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. President Aquino signed into law the Human Rights Victim Reparation and Recognition Act of 2013 on Feb. 25 last year, but its implementing rules and regulations cannot be formulated without a claims board. Ang original poster ay mayroon ding 4,100 followers. On Jan. 30, 2009, Mrs. Marcos told this columnist and three other newsmen in an interview at her Bonifacio Global City penthouse that her familys wealth, most of it in gold instruments in 177 banks, was enough to rehabilitate the Philippines and lift Filipinos from poverty. Readers asked VERA Files Fact Check to verify the video, which was a copy of an April 28, 2020 episode of The Rita Gadi Hour hosted by FB page Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino. It claimed, among other things: that Marcos and his wife Imelda opened international bank accounts in Switzerland in 1954 and in 1963; It concluded that if the funds were remitted to the Vienna bank to the account of Philippine government, whose authorized joint signatories were Solicitor-General Ordoez and Gen. Almonte, there was no realistic chance that De Guzman would have stolen the money. However, Zurich District Attorney Peter Cosandey dismissed as an old rumor Castros claim that the Union Bank, Switzerlands largest, possessed 320 tons of gold smuggled out of the Philippines by Marcos. [8][11][12], On July 8, 1986, The Judge of Instructions in Zurich ordered Credit Suisse to release and transfer the defreezed Marcos deposits to the account of the Philippine Government in Exportfinanzierungsbank in Vienna. The breakdown He said that when the Swiss government agreed to repatriate the Swiss money, it was on the condition that the human rights victims are compensated.. The meeting was also attended by Mayor Charlie Avila. The amount is also equivalent to almost half of the combined GNP of the worlds top 10 economies in 1998. Already, Swiss officials have been helping the Philippines government recover $350 million. [11] On June 18, 1986, Dr. Carrascoso informed De Guzman that Chairman Salonga was not available, and thus he was instead referred to Commissioner Raul Daza. Yes, you heard it right from Imeldific! [5] Cojuangco instructs Dr. Fernando Carrascoso, who was present in the meeting, to arrange for De Guzman's introduction to PCCG Chairman Jovito Salonga. Aquino, Congressman Jose Cojuangco, Jr. (Tarlac, 1st District). Maam just smiled when asked she must have heard the question popped a million times before and said something about some really wealthy people not being able to count their money. [8][9] On March 2, 1986, De Guzman and Dagher fly to Lebanon via Cyprus to meet with some contacts in the European banking industryBeirut being the banking capital of the Mediterranean basin. I want to do well because when a president does well, the country does well.. 2, freezing all Marcos assets in the Philippines. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. When they were ousted in a "People Power" revolution in 1986, Philippine investigators estimated their wealth at about $10bn (6.2bn). He will have to quickly generate jobs to ease the 5.8 percent unemployment rate (in March), tame inflation which stands at 3.7 percent (January-April), stimulate small and medium enterprises with priority policies, boost food production and take other urgent measures. His wifes account in the same bank was opened the next day under the pseudonym Jane Ryan, as confirmed in a copy of a bank contract published in a 2013 edition of the published in a 2013 edition of the Philippine Journal of Third World Studies. A long argument ensues between the Swiss lawyers and the Philippine representatives. Swiss banks are also doing all they can to stop clients taking their gold out. The secret bank account was opened at the Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS), Seoul's ***Munhwa Ilbo*** newspaper quoted a former Marcos aide as saying. [8][14], Meanwhile, on October 21, 1988, a US federal grand jury in New York indicted Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos for a US$268 million racketeering scheme, siphoning the Philippine Treasury of US$103 million, and defrauding US banks of US$165 million. Source: Bloomberg survey of economists conducted April 21-26. [8] The meeting was confirmed by Ms. Ching Escaler, Aquino's Appointments Secretary (and later Philippine Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva and New York City) on December 29, 1986. Read about our approach to external linking. Sa artikulo ng New York Times noong 1986, $800 milyong Swiss deposits ang nakapangalan kina Marcos at sa asawa niyang si Imelda, hindi $3 trilyon. Photographs of row upon row of designer footwear, left in the presidential palace when the Marcoses fled to Hawaii, became the symbol which summed up their lavish lifestyle. As for Mrs Marcos, she is now in her 80s but still as strong and flamboyant as ever - and still a keen art collector. The commission started with a list of more than 300 missing paintings - many by the grand masters - and about half of these are still unaccounted for. This needs context. All Content by Mehr News Agency is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Subscribe to INQUIRER PLUS to get access to The Philippine Daily Inquirer & other 70+ titles, share up to 5 gadgets, listen to the news, download as early as 4am & share articles on social media. [8] On March 20, 1986, De Guzman receives a call from Irwin Ver who confirms that a meeting has been arranged with the Marcoses - Ferdinand, Imelda and Bongbong - at their temporary lodging in the base housing inside Hickam AFB. But, the banks let it deteriorate into a pirate's harbor.''. Marcos gold The case of some $500 million stashed in Swiss banks by the former dictator of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos, has prompted reforms that make it harder for [8][11] Kaduda-dudang impormasyon: Hindi nagtutugma ang impormasyong nakasaad sa sertipiko, na binabanggit ang FINMA at ang ICC Publication No. MANILA, Philippines (AP) _ The chairman of the commission trying to recover wealth that Ferdinand Marcos siphoned out of the country claimed Wednesday that the late president also David Castro, chairman of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), was quoted by the Philippine Free Press weekly Monday as saying he had documents showing Marcos took the gold from the Central Bank mint.They were flown to Zurich by a Filipino pilot, he said. The Supreme Courts rulings on the Marcoses ill-gotten wealth This is inaccurate. A substantial cache of gold bars believed smuggled out of the Philippines by the late president Ferdinand Marcos may be lying in an airport warehouse in ''Quite a few banks had relations with foreign corrupt dictators. The legend of the Marcoses' gold Treasure: Conflicting tales swirl The Philippines have been seeking to retrieve Marcos' secret ill-gotten wealth which was amassed during his 20-year rule. She was in fresh green, still poised and charming although she confessed the knees were creaky at times. fdp), NB:AllPostscriptsare also archived atManilaMail.com. She was also found to have another three famous artworks in her possession. Banks in Switzerland implement the numbered bank account system which hides a clients true identity under a number or a pseudonym, according to a 1998 journal article published in the a 1998 journal article published in the Boston College International and Comparative Law Review. It claimed, among other things: that Marcos and his wife Imelda opened international bank accounts in Switzerland in 1954 and in 1963; that the Marcoses first deposit in these bank accounts was US$68 million; and that the money deposited by the Marcoses did not come from ill-gotten wealth. North Korean founder Kim Il-Sung died in 1994. This prevents low-level bank employees, as well as tax authorities, from identifying clients through bank documents, as explained in a 1983 study published in the 1983 study published in the North Carolina Journal of International Law on Swiss banking secrecy. Marcos gold to ease our economic woes? | Philstar.com Scheller also mentioned that he re-documented the records already and moved the accounts as instructed by Ms. Fe Gimenez, Marcos' personal secretary, three weeks before after their evacuation of Malacaan Palace. The Marcos millions that fueled these changes were uncovered in 1986, the year a revolt drove him from power. Marcos, his family, and retinue were taken by U.S. Air Force helicopters from the PSG Compound across the Pasig River from Malacaan Palace, and were brought to Clark Air Base. [26][27], Political and government sector opposition. To find out more, please click this link. But the aide, who offered the copy of the UBS account certificate to ***Munhwa,*** said he was not sure of a deal between the two dictators. Andres Bautista, head of the Philippine Commission on Good Government, which is tasked to recover the alleged ill-gotten wealth of the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos, speaks in a news conference in Mandaluyong City on Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2014. [19], Starting April 1998 up to July of that year, the Swiss authorities started transferring the identified Marcos money in Swiss banks to an escrow account in the PNB. News articles about the ruling reported that the court ordered the return of around one-fifth of the US$500 million assets, to be placed in an escrow account at the Philippine National Bank. Noong 2021, inilabas ng FactRakers ang isang artikulo na pinabubulaanan ang pahayag ng dating peryodista na dismissed na raw ang mga kaso tungkol sa nakaw na yaman ng mga Marcos. Bongbong orients De Guzman on their contact in Credit Suisse, Ernst Scheller, and told him to get in touch with the gentleman once they enter Switzerland. Switzerland: Court Rules on Marcos During one of my interviews with her, I asked for a photograph as a keepsake. Copyright 2023. Many of the legal cases filed against the Marcoses and their allies have been stuck for years in the backlog, never reaching court. Unexplained wealth of the Marcos But Andres Bautista, the head of the commission and no relation to Vilma, admits there is still a lot missing - especially the paintings. ''Over the years, there is no question the Marcos case influenced and shaped the discussion on mutual assistance,'' said Martin Kurer, a lawyer in Zurich for the Philippine Government. I asked him if he thought that some of these artworks were still in the hands of Imelda Marcos herself (her husband Ferdinand died in 1989). that the Marcoses first deposit in these bank accounts was US$68 million; and that the money deposited by the Marcoses did not come from ill-gotten wealth. CLAIM: Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos created international bank accounts in Switzerland in 1954 and 1963. This is inaccurate. MANILA, Philippines (AP) _ The chairman of the commission trying to recover wealth that Ferdinand Marcos siphoned out of the country claimed Wednesday that the late president also secretly shipped 320 tons of gold to Switzerland. Another video clip in Bongbongs vlog showed him holding a wine glass and telling his 92-year-old mother, Sa inyo naman ni Daddy lahat ito eh. (All of these are for you and Daddy.). Indian Muslims Protest Against Demolition of Jannatul Al-Baqi, Archaeological discoveries to alter Persian Gulf history, 2,600 inmates trained as crafters in Alborz, 100 historical monuments of Khorasan Razavi restored every year, Khorramabad to gain foothold on national tourism map, Sassanid town in southern Iran named national heritage, Beijings ambassador visits UNESCO sites in southwest Iran, Iran successfully tests aircraft engine made by Iranian parts, Iran FM appoints new deputy for Caspian Sea affairs, Iraqi prosecutor launches probe into alleged role of ex-PM role in Gen. Soleimani assassination, The Story of Seven Countries: A Review of US Aggression in West Asia and North Africa, Iran, S. Arabia resuming diplomatic ties: Foreign Ministry, Israel has suffered devastating blows from Iran: intelligence chief. Gloria Arroyo left office in 2010, and has already been accused of corruption as well as a string of other offences. [3] Evidence suggests that de Guzman acted in good faith on behalf of the new government but that a double cross may have been present. Call 896 6000. "Filipinos are too forgetful - and we forgive too easily," he said eventually. Ang ICC Publication No. With your meaningful insights, help shape the stories that can shape the country. [20], On July 29, 1999, Sandiganbayan Presiding Justice Francis E. Garchitorena denies the motion to release US$150 million from the funds to pay Marcos human rights victims. In compliance with the US court ruling, WestLB refused to release the funds until a Singapore court makes a ruling on how it should be disposed. The Marcos money also publicly pointed up the weaknesses in Swiss law for countries seeking to retrieve funds in the country's banks, said Peter Cosandey, Zurich's veteran prosecutor, who was in charge of the case for seven years. The commission itself is not well respected - previous members have been accused of corruption, or "taking eggs from the chicken coop", as Mr Bautista euphemistically puts it. Maybe the missing paintings will remain in private homes, stores and bank vaults around the world. They were initially informed by Scheller that the Swiss authorities have put a "freeze order" on all the accounts linked to the Marcoses, but failed to produce any formal documentation on this. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. MARCOS GOLD COIN Alejandro Melchor, Jr.[14], On July 4, 1986, De Guzman, Almonte, and Ordoez arrive in Bern, and are met by Ascalon. WebRT @rapplerdotcom: HINDI TOTOO: May gold deposit certificate sina dating pangulong Marcos at Reagan sa Switzerland #FactsFirstPH. WebTrial deposits. $658 million Marcos Swiss accounts, frozen in 1986 and which the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Philippines (2003) $3.2 million Swiss deposits of 600 o UCP 600, na inilathala noong 2007. Imelda is a congresswoman; her daughter Imee is a provincial governor; her son BongBong is a respected senator who has a realistic chance of becoming president in 2016. This June 30, another Marcos is set to take over as president. President Corazon Aquino, who led a popular revolt that toppled Marcos in 1986, formed the PCGG to recover wealth believed to be hidden here and abroad by the Marcos family and its associates. Now were wondering if using their hidden wealth to lift Filipinos from poverty as allegedly instructed by the elder Marcos and told us by Mrs. Marcos is just another political aspiration.. WebCORE Aggregating the worlds open access research papers Mrs. Marcos said her husband was lawyering for many mining firms and quietly Ascalon, met with PCCG lawyer Dr. Salvioni, who advises them that any request made by the Philippine Government must be signed by the Solicitor-General of the Philippines. WebAugust 2, 2001 - 0:0. Just how much is the Marcos wealth worth? TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. The said lawyers were recommended by Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court Otto Konstantin Kaufmann, who was the classmate of Salonga in Yale University. Time marches on, memories fade and new priorities take precedence. De Guzman then was put in touch with Brigadier General Jose T. Almonte and Charlie Avila. Find out more about this partnership and our methodology.). Please abide by Rappler's commenting guidelines. When asked in his first presscon after his proclamation how he would do it, he said that the price he gave was just an aspiration still to be worked out. Upgrade to Rappler+ for exclusive content and unlimited access. Read about our approach to external linking. gold deposit [11] The FDJP meanwhile acts on the request and lifts the freeze order on the US$213 Million identified by the Philippine representatives. This is inaccurate. FACT: Marcos was already serving his first term as president at the time the two accounts were made. [11] On July 6, 1986, De Guzman receives additional information on the newly identified Marcos accounts in Switzerland amounting to US$3 billion in six different banks. [11] Marcos' Swiss lawyers submit copies of the revocation to the Swiss authorities. The alleged gold bars were a part of what a Japanese army general had looted from Asian countries during World War II, ***Munhwa*** said. While that family scene fits into an agenda that includes reclaiming the seat of power abandoned by the late dictator, redeeming the family name and rewriting the history of Marcosian martial law, whats in it for the people? Imelda Marcos's shoes are the best accounted for among her possessions, Former secretary Vilma Bautista was found to have some of the Marcoses missing artworks, Imelda Marcos, her daughter and a son are all still involved in Philippine politics, Former President Gloria Arroyo is facing a lengthy corruption trial, On board the worlds last surviving turntable ferry. Maybe the full Marcos collection will never be found. FACT: The Swiss Federal Court issued in 1990 a conditional ruling on the US$356 million of funds in its banks and in 1997 it affirmed that Marcos frozen assets that had grown to over US$500 million due to interest and other accrued amounts were of tortious origin or wealth caused by an act that has harmed others. INQUIRER.net wants to hear from you! Marcos "This is a job we took an oath to do, and we want to do it well," he said. The Philippine government has recovered the remaining $29 million of the multimillion-dollar Swiss bank deposits stashed away by the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos. The Singapores Court of Appeal, in its ruling released in January, recognized the right of Philippine National Bank (PNB) to hold in trust the $29 million seized from the estate of the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos. Three vloggers learned the hard way not to stage dangerous pranks for the sake of generating views from the public. At the same time, the law bolstered provisions of a ''due diligence'' rule mandating that banks uncover the actual owner before accepting funds. But daughter Imee Marcos, now governor of Ilocos, when asked, denied any knowledge of it. That very same evening the Banking Commission, in an unprecedented move, imposed an emergency freeze order on all the accounts of the Marcoses. ***Mnhwa,*** carrying a copy of the bank account certificate on the front page, said Marcos had borrowed Kim Il-Sung's name to deposit 940 tons of pure gold bars worth eight billion dollars at the UBS on September 11 in 1970. By November 3, Imelda returned to Hawaii after Doris Duke posted a US$5 million bail. "Yes," she said proudly. I asked. This kind of evidence will be full of holes if we have to go through the legal process, he said. By providing an email address. There was an outcry in September when it was revealed that much of the museum's collection had been eaten by termites. Her trial looks set to be expensive and time-consuming. [22], On February 4, 2004, the retrieved Marcos money which now grew to US$683 million, was finally transferred by PNB to the Bureau of the Treasury.[18][23][24]. Marcos as legal counsel for TVM-LSM-666. De Guzman claims he has no intimate associations with the Marcoses, but that his only contact would be Col. Irwin Ver, former Commanding Officer of the Presidential Security Group, and son of General Fabian Ver. Well make two small trial deposits into your [5] In March 1968, an official of Credit Suisse in Zurich, Walter Fessler, was brought to Manila on the request of Malacaang. ''The story goes on because after the war, the practice of accepting money from anyone looking for a safe place was a boost to the banking system. PCGGs David Castro announced that 325 metric tons of gold valued at $3.5 billion, which had been smuggled out of the Philippines by Marcos, had been found in Switzerland. At that time, gold was priced at $420 per ounce (versus $1,856 yesterday, May 30, according to MONEX Live Gold Spot Prices). D e e p B l a c k L i e s .co.uk I agree to the Terms of Use and acknowledge that I have read the Privacy Policy. Click on this image to answer. Marcos Why is it important to subscribe? ''Many times I've wondered if the money would be transferred before I took my pension,'' Mr. Cosandey said in an interview in his Zurich office. During another long weekend, on another start of the month, the Ninoy Aquino International Airport was hit by another power outage. The letter arrived at the FDJP with 15 minutes to spare before the 6:00 pm deadline. Sergio Salvioni, Guy Fontanet, and Moritz Leuenberger, to handle its case. Scheller replied by telex from Credit Suisse, but informs De Guzman that the freeze order is still in place. In the space left blank for exemplary damages, the foreman had scrawled $US1.2 billion$US200 million more than Swift had requested. WebRT @rapplerdotcom: HINDI TOTOO: May gold deposit certificate sina dating pangulong Marcos at Reagan sa Switzerland #FactsFirstPH. 2023 BBC. (The first Marcos president was his father and namesake who was chief executive from December 1965 until his ouster by the People Power Revolt in 1986. During her husband's 20 years as Philippine president, she amassed a huge collection of art, jewellery, property and - most famously - at least 1,000 pairs of shoes. All Rights Reserved. It has also found a ruby and diamond tiara, locked in the vault of the Swiss central bank, which could fetch more than $8m. This fact check was reviewed by a member of Rapplers research team and a senior editor. While the original CARP (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program) Law stated that part of its funding will be sourced from PCGG recoveries, the subsequent Human Rights Compensation Law also appropriated P10 billion, said Bautista. The next president, Corazon Aquino, set up a special commission to recover these funds for the government coffers - but now, more than 25 years later, just $4bn has been accounted for. Learn more, Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority, HINDI TOTOO: Sertipiko ng gold bullion deposit ni Marcos sa Banco de Oro, FACT CHECK: Marcos Sr. Letter of Instruction prescribing distribution of gold does not exist, HINDI TOTOO: Binuksan ni Marcos ang mga Swiss bank account bago maging pangulo, Marcos family stored ill-gotten wealth in Switzerland, FACT CHECK: Video doesnt show Ferdinand E. Marcos has China gold account, FACT CHECK: Marcos doesnt have over a million metric tons of gold in banks worldwide. In Manila, David Castro, chairman of the Presidential Commission on Good Government, told reporters that the government couldnt hope to legally recover the gold, and should settle directly with the Marcos family. De Guzman in support of the Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives investigation on the "Marcos Deposits in Switzerland" by the Special Committee on Public Accountability, Tracking the Proceeds of Organized Crime - The Marcos Case, G.R. [8] Imelda produced a Power of Attorney and tasks Bongbong to hand this to De Guzman back at the hotel. Ayon sa sertipiko, $3 trilyon ang halaga ng gintong deposito. This act was questioned later since the Banking Commission does not have the authority to freeze bank accounts. Almonte arrived with De Guzman in Malacaang, and was met first by Executive Secretary Joker Arroyo who stalled the two along with Justice Secretary Ordoez from meeting the President. [PANOORIN] Kinuha ba ni Marcos ang gold sa Switzerland? In August 2012, Singapores High Court dismissed rival claims and ruled that Marcos deposits in WestLB rightfully belonged to PNB. Sign up now! "Former president Marcos had borrowed the names of dictators from third countries to prevent others from withdrawing deposits from his secret bank accounts," the unnamed former aide to Marcos told ***Munhwa.***. Alejandro Melchor - ensuring the Philippine government's interest in the bank protected. [9][14] Almonte and De Guzman are left in Vienna without an idea as to what happened to the Solicitor-General, and frantically search Vienna for the Filipino official, until confirming on July 10 that Ordoez was already in Manila. Wish me well. Dr. Salvioni questions the urgency of the Filipino team, but was ignored and Ordoez signed the request accordingly. But the Marcos fortune was different because of its size and the embarrassment to the Swiss from the lengthy efforts of the country's Government to retrieve it. See the article in its original context from. He refers to the Marcos wealth as being "confiscated" rather than recovered by the commission, insisting there is no legal basis to take any of the assets. The emphasis now has shifted to another former president, and her alleged ill-gotten wealth. Moving to close loopholes in the country's banking and legal structure as efforts to restore the money stalled, Swiss lawmakers made money laundering a crime for the first time, and overhauled its legislation for assistance to foreign governments seeking return of illicit wealth. She said those papers were the legal basis for her claiming valuable assets, mainly gold, stashed away in banks in 72 countries. So what happened to rest of the Marcos collection? Marcos, on his signature verification form, wrote "William Saunders," an alias he had used in his World War II days, and underneath that name he wrote his real name. 1 on February 28, 1986, created the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG). It was here where De Guzman and his associates started calling the plan "Operation Big Bird. The original video by the three-year-old FB page Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino, meanwhile, got 28,000 interactions. [12], On the side of De Guzman and Gen. Almonte however, they also lay the blame on Executive Secretary Joker Arroyo, and Philippine Ambassador to Bern, Luis Ascalon, aside from Ordoez and Salonga. Given all this, it is perhaps not surprising that he wants to wind the commission down. . In addition to this the Exportfinanzierungsbank in Vienna was also strictly regulated by the Austrian Federal Market Authority (FMA), and that the bank's board even had Almonte, Ordoez, and Amb. [3], After Ferdinand Marcos and his family were sent to exile in Hawaii, President Aquino's Executive Order No. In its latest ruling, the Singapore court affirmed the high courts August 2012 decision. The commission admitted that all four were on a list of 146 paintings once owned by the Marcoses which they had not been able to track down. The Marcos party was allowed to keep only US$300,000.00 in gold and $150,000.00 in bearer bonds that they brought in with their personal luggage because they declared them and broke no US customs laws. He will be chief executive of a government weighed down by a national debt totaling P12.68 trillion. Isa sa mga posts ay kasalukuyang may 105 reactions at 24 shares. Before it can claim ownership of Upon arrival at the Embassy, Hoets and the lawyers insisted that the scheduled meeting with the Swiss bankers should only be attended by Ordoez, and that De Guzman and Almonte should not be included. [11] After the meeting, Scheller calls on the Swiss Federal Banking Commission that De Guzman was trying to transfer US$213 Million to Vienna. It took 12 years for the Marcos money to be returned to the Philippines. "We really don't know where they are. Noong 2009, naibalik sa Pilipinas ang $688 milyong Swiss deposits matapos hatulan ng Federal Supreme Court ng Switzerland ang mga Marcos assets bilang ill-gotten o nakaw na yaman. Marcos' revocation of the Power of Attorney was sent by facsimile to his Swiss lawyer, Bruno de Preux of the law firm Tavernier, Gillioz, de Preux, Dorsaz in Geneva. In our 2009 interview, Mrs. Marcos showed us purported documents (such as gold certificates) supporting her claim to immense wealth waiting to be tapped. [12] On April 25, 1986, the Government of the Philippines submitted a follow-through formal request for mutual assistance to investigate and retrieve the ill-gotten wealth.
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