2. IvyPanda, 8 Apr. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. She taught for history for fifteen years. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. [16] The attention that the book excited in Paris encouraged Hakluyt to prepare an English translation and publish it in London under the title A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida (1587). [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). The private character of the memorial, which was not to be seen by the general eye, permitted Hakluyt to state freely the case for a colonial policy. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. Hakluyt served in Paris also as a kind of intelligence officer, collecting information on the fur trade of Canada and on overseas enterprises from French and exiled Portuguese pilots. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. It began with Portuguese exploring places such as the Atlantic archipelagos and the coast of Africa during the fifteenth century. She is also a writer of historical fiction. His were language and geography. Its overriding purpose was to stimulate, guide, and encourage an undertaking of incalculable national import. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. He taught geography, which was his favorite subject. Though he never personally took part in any expeditions, Richard Hakluyt greatly advanced the cause of English exploration in North America.One of England's first geographers, he collected and disseminated information, and promoted the colonization efforts of Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) and others. Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. . However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. 1. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. 3. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. Richard Hakluyt was born in 1552 and died in 1616. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. Updates? Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. Vol. 2021. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. He also became a minister in the Church of England. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. Omissions? That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. The increase of the force of the Christians. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. His medieval polemic concern becomes clearer when he mentions non-Christians who need to be defeated. This essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View was written and submitted by your fellow His interests in languages and geography encouraged him to write books on travel where he drew inspiration from the logbooks, documents and oral histories of travelers from around the world. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong England was in an economic depression and was nervous about the growing power of Spain obtaining vast amounts of wealth from their spoils of the New World. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. The queen granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter in 1584 to begin to colonize, although she did not provide full financial support. To begin with, the interest of Britain to colonize the Western Hemisphere is a major national goal. 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Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589-1600). This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. student. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. Therefore, the natives and Indians are mere tools, passive objects, or pawns constructed to be used and manipulated via protestant religions in order to serve the interests of the English people. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. manuscript Seld. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. Reasons for Colonization 1. Urging their countrymen to join in the race for the colonization of the New World were two men, an uncle and his nephew, each named Richard Hakluyt. When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox, Europeans and Natives in British and Spanish America, The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently, Solar System Colonization in Science Fiction vs. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. 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