Results from the analysis of variance indicated that both the main effect and their interaction effect of inter- and intra- row spacing were highly significant (P<0.01) on the number of pods per plant (Table4) at Metema site two. College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Extension Master Gardener program celebrates 50 years of cultivating green thumbs, UGA announces 2023 pollinator plants of the year, Treat now for stickers in your lawn, Cold protection options for growing fruit and vegetables throughout the winter, Begin the new year by starting plants from seed, UGA study aims to help farmers transitioning to organic production. Animal and Plant Health Regulatory Directorate, Issue No. This result was in line with Malek et al. The adjacent blocks are separated by a space that may remain vacant or planted to other crops. Ben Bareja, the owner-founder-webmaster of CropsReview.com. Plant population plays an important role as it is one of the most important yield contributing characters [13]. 43, EARO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2004. In agreement with this research, Abrha et al. The maximum plant height (79.83 cm) was recorded at inter-row spacing of 20, 30 and 40 cm (Table 2 ). Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2005. P. Singh, K. Singh, C. Yadav, and J. Ganga, Effect of intra-row spacing and pruning on yield, water use and economics of tomato production under naturally ventilated bamboo polyhouse, Pantnagar Journal of Research, vol. The 20cm interrow spacing showed a marked increase in marketable fruit yield by 35.96% as compared to 30cm spacing used by farmers. While the combined effect of Nitrogen fertilizer and spacing have no significant among treatments at (p<0.05). Furthermore, this result might be because wider spacing had a better light interception as compared to the narrow row spacing, resulting in more number of days to flowering of mung bean. It is rich in protein. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Agronomy Journal 95:564-573. The land was tilled to a depth of 35cm, and the nursery bed was neatly prepared. Spacing 22x9.5 cm resulted in 26.85 tons per hectare production, which had attractive marketable bulb diameter and weight. Effects of plant arrangement on yield and yield components of Soya bean. Based on agronomic performance and economic analysis, use of 4015cm is promising for mung bean production in Metema District and similar agroecologies. Effect of row spacing on the agronomic traits and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Seed spacing is the distance between seeds in a given row and the distance between rows. Narrow intra-row spacing did not significantly . Optimizing irrigation frequency and intra row spacing for specific environment is one the major agronomic practices to improve productivity of haricot bean. Hashemijazi SM, Danesh A, Gani B. What are the functions of the different parts? Eur J Clin Pharmacol. Correspondence to inter and intra-row spacing competition (Ali et al., 1999). Planting was done when there was adequate soil moisture in the field. 2013;6:13548. What is intra row spacing in agriculture? The spacing were 15x30 cm, 25x30 cm, 35x30 cm and 45x30 cm giving a plant population densities of 22,222, 13,333, 9,524 and 7,407 plants/ha, respectively. Yagoob H, Yagoob M. The effects of water deficit stress on protein yield of mung bean genotypes. 5, pp. Precision agriculture has emerged as an approach to apply inputs at the right place and rate in the field, and as close as possible to the optimum crop growth stage. Also includes beans and climbing peas. Measure the distance between the rows of trees. Its leave are modified into spines 6 This is also an insect-ea plant. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Number of primary branches per plant: the number of primary branches of randomly selected 10 plants from each plot was recorded. 14, p. 2227, 2015. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Inappropriate spacing is one of the major problems in tomato production at the study area. 5 What is difference between mixed cropping and intercropping? The studies involved row spacing from 12 to 24 inches in no-till production, and combined other agronomic factors such as different nitrogen rates, seeding rates, weed control and fungicide applications. It has average annual rainfall of 1030mm. Plant density is one of the essential agronomic practices as it is a major management variable used in matching crop requirements to the environmental offer of resources. 7181, 2015. In: Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society Meeting, San Juan, PR. You can plant most crops at a greater distance with the exception of corn. Disease Severity: Disease is another troublesome variable that can adversely affect soybean fields. Planting peanut at 30 cm inter-row spacing dually increased grain and fodder yields compared to planting at 60, and 75 cm. Lemma [10] underlined the importance of recommending inputs and management practices are central to produce a good yield and quality of tomato fruit depending on the varieties and growing region. Crops are typically most susceptible to weed competition during their early growth stages. [25] who stated that no significant effect of different row spacing and plant densities on pod length of mung bean. A field trial was conducted during the 2009/2010 cropping season at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching and Research Farm at Dabagi to investigate the effects of inter and intra row spacing on the growth and fodder yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Variety Kanannado). The seed tubers were weighed and categorized under five weight ranges (20-35, 36-50 (mostly used as blanket recommendation), 51-65, 66-80, and 81-95 g), which are used as seed tuber treatments. Gondar Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Marketable fruit number per hectare: those fruits from the ten tagged plants, which were free from visible damage, insect pest, diseases and not extra small-sized (>20g), were considered as marketable. The longest days to 50% flowering (40.83cm) were recorded at inter-row spacing of 50cm, while the shortest days to 50% flowering (36.05) were recorded at 20cm inter-row spacing (Table2). 565573, 1990. At higher. Spacing is not just the space between your crops, it is the adequate feeding area or the most convenient area required by a particular plant to thrive and develop well. A key consideration in choosing the spacing of crop rows is the nature of the crop species. It can move from one place to other. 917923, 2007. Oad FC, Samo MA, Qayylan SM, Oad NL. [1] also reported that the tallest plant height was recorded from wider spacing 40cm intrarow spacing than 30cm spacing. Staggered rows incurred higher planting costs, but increased net returns to management. With so many options available, it can be challenging to know what plants to add to your home garden that will look beautiful and help the environment. This low level of production is associated with many problems in relation with poor agronomic management practices such as planting density, fertilizer, and irrigation water management. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of inter and intra row spacings on yield of mustard during 1993-94 to 1996-97. When you plant two seeds per hole, the inter spacing remains unchanged but the intra spacing is doubled, making 75cm by 50cm. On the other hand, shortest fruit length recorded from the interaction of closer spacing of 2060cm could be due to the impact of competition for nutrients and water in closer spacing, which favours the formation of short fruits as the nutrient is not optimum enough to give good fruit length. Our Ag Calculators are a useful tool to help you calculate your corn seed spacing, drill callibration, soybean replants, and much more. The planting was carried out in rows that were 2.00 m long, with an intra-row spacing of 0.10 m and an inter-row spacing of 0.50 m. The planting locations were employed as three replications. The highest harvest index (62%) was obtained at interaction of (5010) cm followed by (5015) cm spacing, while the lowest (28% and 33%) harvest index was obtained at interaction of (205) and (305)cm, respectively (Table8). The standard spacing requirement for maize is 75cm by 25cm, this is spacing is used when you plant one maize seed per hole. Best Guide for All Farmers! Input the Total plants and Plants per row to get the total Plant spacing you need for your hedge's length. [28] who observed that the lowest grain yield was recorded at the highest population. [20] reported that fruit diameter was not significantly affected by inter- and intrarow spacing. N. Ara, M. Bashar, S. Begum, and S. Kakon, Effect of spacing and stem pruning on the growth and yield of tomato, International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, vol. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Although the standard row width of 30-inches is common due to prevailing equipment setups, planting in narrow rows can improve weed control and compensate for the initial cost. When the inse. Interaction effects of both inter- and intrarow spacing significantly (<0.05) affected plant height and fruit length. Copyright 2020 Getachew Amare and Hailay Gebremedhin. Data were collected on the following:Plant height (cm): the plant height was measured from the base of the plants to the terminal growing point of the main stem at the end of the third harvest. On the other hand, this result disagrees with Ara et al. Hence, profitability will likewise vary. Row spacing (along with seeding rate) determines the crop arrangement in a field, altering how fast the crop canopy closes (leaves from adjoining rows begin overlapping) and the ways in which weeds grow between crop rows. a crop grown between the rows of another crop. W. T. Kelley and G. Boyhan, Commercial Tomato Production Hand Book, The University of Georgia and Ft, Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA, 2010. What is the difference in seed spacing and plant spacing? The highest fruit diameters from wider inter- and intrarow spacing than closer ones will be due to less competition for light and nutrients. And researchers must overcome these challenges before any long flights and permanent habitats in, Big plants such as corn, cucumbers, squash and carrots. Malek MFN, Majnonhoseini N, Alizade H. A survey on the effects of weed control treatments and plant density on lentil growth and yield. Asian Plant Sci J. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. It influences crop yield through its influence on light interception, rooting pattern and moisture extraction pattern. 2, no. For example, both tillage practices resulted in similar grain yield when rows are either narrowly (0,52 m) or widely (0,90 m) spaced. However, closer space between row and plant (25 x 15cm) prolonged maturity days. In bananas, both single and multiple row arrangements are practiced. Utilizing a drill seeder to plant in narrow rows may lead to an increase in seeding rate. Analysis of multi-environment grain yield trials in mung bean (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek) based on GGE bi plot in Southern Ethiopia. The plants spaced in rows 45cm apart produced taller plants (131.00 cm), followed by optimum (35cm) and closer (25cm) distance between row giving 126.20 and 121.88 cm, respectively. The short answer is: it depends. Similarly, increasing the intra row spacing revealed a peak seed yield at For a raised bed garden, you probably dont want boxes and/or rows wider than 5 feet, so you can easily reach into the garden and pull weeds or harvest vegetables without having to walk into the raised bed. The reason for the higher marketable fruit yield in the narrow interrow and intrarow spacing could be attributed due to more plant populations per unit area. Thompson, N.M., Larson, J.A., Lambert, D.M., Roberts, R.K., Mengistu, A., Bellaloui, N. and Walker, E.R. Marketable fruit yield was significantly (<0.05) affected by inter- and intrarow spacing, whereas the interaction effect of intra- and interrow spacing was not significant (Table 1). At present, mung bean cultivation spreads widely in Africa, South America, Australia and in many Asian countries [3]. Row spacing. However, the wider row and plant spacing (45 x 30cm) displayed early maturity (147.80 days). Gomez KA, Gomez AA. The high number of plants per unit area increased flower clusters which increased number of fruits. Profitability: While many new planting and field management strategies appear beneficial overall, the question of profitability will always be of concern. Agricultural Sample Surveys, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, CSA (Central Statistical Agency), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. 2, no. Even though there are high potential uses and export demand, the productivity of mung bean is low in Ethiopia (0.9tonha1) as compared to the world average productivity of 1.2tonha1, which is due to abiotic and biotic factors such as lack of improved variety, disease, insect and agronomic practices like in optimum row spacing and plant population per unit area. Research indicates that 7.5-inch row spacing greatly affects Palmer amaranth, in particular, due to early canopy closure which blocks photosynthetic active radiation. Closer spaced crops tend to shade out competing weeds once the crop leaves begin to form a canopy over the middle of the rows. (2003) Economic analysis of row spacing for corn and soybean. This week, a gardener wanted to know how far apart to space her garden rows. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at Boloso Sore woreda in Wolaita Zone during 2016 cropping season under irrigation condition to study the effect of different levels of N rate and intra-row spacing on yield, yield components and quality of tobacco. Which gas is utilised in the process of photosynthesis? If they are too close together, it can be difficult for farmers to get around the garden to weed, spray pesticides, or inspect the crop. For example, peanut or mungbean can be dibbled between two adjacent rows of corn. Save Time and Money by Learning How to Sharpen Bush Hog Blades at Home. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a factorial arrangement of four inter-row (20, 30, 40 and 50cm) and three intra-row (5, 10 and 15cm) spacing using mung bean variety Rasa (N-26). Generating reliable information on agronomic management practices such as appropriate row and plant spacing is quite important to come up with profitable and sustainable mung bean production and productivity. ha-1) and harvest index (47%) were obtained for varieties BH-661 and BH-QPY-545 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. How can you remove stains from knotty pine? 12. The average plant height of 10 randomly selected plants per plot was measured and expressed in centimetres (cm). The seeds were separately drilled into the beds, covered lightly with a film of loosed soil, and mulched immediately using dry grasses. Metema District is located in North Gondar Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Each experimental plot had 2.5 and 4m length and width, respectively. It is one of my favorite times in the garden year. 2009;2(2):969. A. Oloniruha, F. G. Ayodele, and I. 2010 - 2023 Crops Review. L. Desalegne, Tomatoes Research Experiences and Production Prospects, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2002. CPWC is the period of time that a crop must be kept weed-free to prevent yield loss. 91, no. Data were collected on major agronomic and phenological characters. Six-week old transplants were established at an 80 cm inter-row spacing with intra-row spacings of 20, 30 or 40 cm and bed heights of 20, 30 and 40 cm. 26142619, 2017. 10, no. 92.205.107.238 Keywords: Inter-Row spacing, Staggered Planting, Collard Varieties, Wiregrass Tunnel . The planting and post-planting operations were conducted according to recommended agronomic practices. It has maximum and minimum temperatures of 40.0 and 15.0C, respectively [14]. Tomooka N, Vaughan DA, Kaga A. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). In most cases it is a good idea to leave at least 18 to 36 inches of space between each row of plants. In row-planted fruit trees and other perennial crops like coconut, oil palm, and rubber, the common types of planting or spatial arrangement are square,rectangular,quincunx, andtriangular or hexagonal. Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Chauhan, B.S., Saud, S., Wu C., Hassan, S., Huang, J. 1, pp. Worse still, a single plant can produce hundreds of thousands of seeds, thus increasing the size of the soil seedbank in a single season. M. M. Maboko, C. P. Du Plooy, and S. Chiloane, Effect of plant population, fruit and stem pruning on yield and quality of hydroponically grown tomato, African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.
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