Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. Water | Free Full-Text | The Toxic Effects of Lindane via the The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. Formula: C6H6Cl6 Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices Lindane A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Abstract. Marine pollution The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. (Note: These events represent the most common reported to the FDA and do not represent the most common events associated with the use of lindane lotion and lindane shampoo overall). [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. ILO and WHO 2021. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. eCFR :: 49 CFR 171.4 -- Marine pollutants. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. [15], The current FDA-approved product labeling emphasizes that lindane medications are contraindicated for use in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders and should be used with caution in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (3) Transitional exception. Molecular mass: 290.8 United Nations Environment Programme - POPs 0000003713 00000 n Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod Fresh air, rest. WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. Refer for medical attention . Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. It is also a recognised irritant. Reacts with bases. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. Interpretation Response | PHMSA Refer immediately for medical attention. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Dizziness. WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. (June 8, 2007 order). [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. Tremor. Sore throat. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. %PDF-1.4 % During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. Effects of short-term exposure 0000047710 00000 n [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. Well closed. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ Inhalation risk Your browser does not support JavaScript. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the Lindane (Ref: OMS 17) - University of Hertfordshire 49 CFR 172.322 - Marine pollutants. | Electronic Code Lindane has adverse effects on WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. Refer for medical attention. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. 0000001686 00000 n 0000002475 00000 n Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and CFR Title 49. Transportation 49 CFR 172.101, App. B WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. Routes of exposure It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Wash hands before eating. WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. Medical observation is indicated. Not combustible. 0000002858 00000 n [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. 0000003791 00000 n The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. 0000003484 00000 n with the financial assistance of the European Commission. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. Vomiting. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Headache. Lindane This article wants to briefly summarise the [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 0000005726 00000 n However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). Hexachlorocyclohexane 0000006190 00000 n Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. It is of particular concern because of 0 WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. 0000001466 00000 n In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part.
Power Bi Column Tools Greyed Out,
New Fairfield High School Athletics,
Queen Elizabeth Ii Signature Value,
Failed To Execute 'drawimage' On 'canvasrenderingcontext2d,
Most Expensive House Sold In Australia,
Articles I