The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. 5. This page is not available in other languages. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. Bi-polar (Cold War era 1945-1990) Is resulting public policy more or less conducive to minority interests? ~Territories have control over policies and funds. ~Spatial conflicts. A country. If done correctly, it can even create a majority for a party that has a small minority. It was a win for African-American . Photo by Rebecca Cook/ Reuters, By David A. Lieb, Associated Press, Acacia Coronado, Associated Press/Report for America, By Jonathan Lemire, Zeke Miller, Ashraf Khalil, Associated Press. The term is often used in voting rights law to designate voting districts which are altered under the Voting Rights Act to enable ethnic or language minorities "the opportunity to elect their candidate of choice." . What does it mean to be partially or completely covered by Section 5 of the VRA? By doing this, there would now be two conservative congress-people representing an area that is actually a majority liberal area. See Full PDF. Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.. All United States Representatives and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. a. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. ~Britain "Who rules the World Island commands the World". Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. During the year, Altgeld reported $415,000 of separate operating income (no subsidiary income was included) and declared dividends of$35,000. The people living in former Yugoslavia never really achieved a strong sense of Yugoslav nationhood. c. Consolidated stockholders equity is reduced by $378,000. A state that only allows land ownership for certain groups. California had 43 such districts, more than any other state. A majority-minority district is a district in which a racial minority group or groups comprise a majority of the district's total population. Increasing competition is one of the goals of Michigans commission, which voters created in 2018 after decades of partisan gerrymandering controlled by Republicans. The nine-term African American congressman announced his resignation this month and called the new map racially gerrymandered.. What are the policy effects of majority-minority districts? 1. government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate soverign and have the final say over what happens within the state. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom Race is collected through the decennial United States census . \text{Disbursements} & \underline{(12,600)} & \text{ }\\ And a lot of the seats Democrats hold are majority-minority seats, which are of course safe. Information from February's bank statement and company records reveals the following additional information: a. While many studies of inequality in access to quality health care concentrate on the lower availability of health care, there is a growing body of literature reporting on the association between hospital quality and minority-service hospital status across multiple health states and conditions. What did they feel they were responsible for? It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. Examples: United Kingdom, France, China, ~State is organized into territories. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. Consolidated stockholders equity is reduced by $340,000. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. The process of placing a price on a good and then buying, selling and trading it, The idea that a state is tied to a particular territory with defined boundaries came out of Europe and diffused through: Every district is represented by Democrats. Unit 4 Summary. actually marking the boundary on the ground with a wall, fence, post, etc. Because of the 1990 census, what did state legislatures in states either partially or completely covered by section 5 of the VRA, as well as legislatures of states with sufficient minority population to fear Section 2 claim have to do? \text{Deposits: } & \text{2$/ 4$} & \text{\$2,700}\\ Legislatures felt that the creation of majority-minority districts was required. Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Racial Gerrymandering US history is filled with examples of voter disenfranchisement. ), Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. \text{Checks} & \text{321} & \text{2$/ 2$} & \text{$\$ 4,700$}\\ AP Human Geography can lead to a variety of liberal arts and social science majors. 2. a venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. Popular AP Human Geography sets 1.1, 1.4 introduction to maps Scale of analysis and Regional analysis Geographic Data, Spacial concepts, Human-Environmental interaction FIRST SET OF VOCAB Second set of pop vocab Migration Language Culture Religion 4.1-4.3 Agriculture Copyright 2001-2022 StudyStack LLC. 6. A majority-minority or minority-majority area is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, . Many states were sprawling, diverse empires, such as the Ottoman Empire in the . (These leaders had little regard for African independence, and had no representation for native Africans. Do minority legislators accomplish things that others could not have, or change the terms of debate in ways sympathetic majority representatives could not have? \text{Cash receipts:} & \text{ } & \underline{1,600}\\ Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act mandates that no "standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country. Example: US and Mexican border, Disputes over natural resources that run across borders. Its just the reality. 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 26-49 Minority-serving hospitals . [12][13][14], On June 30, 1986, the high court ruled unanimously in Thornburg v. Gingles that five of the aforementioned six districts "discriminated against blacks by diluting the power of their collective vote." ~France Download PDF. Are racially drawn district morally defensible - are they inherently good, bad, or neither? ~Netherlands DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. What we have done is taken those areas and divided them into multiple districts so that theres actually more districts where minority voters will be able to elect their candidates of choice, which should actually have the effect of increasing the representation among the African American community, Szetela said. If we draw the districts like this, Blue holds a majority in all five districts. By 1998 the number had grown to more than 8,858. One of the best ways to do that, and empower minority voters, Szetela and other commissioners argue, is putting some of the majority-Black neighborhoods in Holliers district in other seats, where they may have more say over Michigans leadership. the different types of boundaries including natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, and geometric; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), boundaries placed on recognizable physiologic features, boundaries that coincide with differences in ethnicity, political boundaries that are defined and delimited as a straight line or arc, an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries, a sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland, attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, the assignment of a commercial value to something previously valueless, a group of states united for a common purpose, the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory, the transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the state's territory, if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling into communism, established by the UNCLS, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it, the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions, a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a country, a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country, an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among members, an internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government, a capital city deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone, a zone where no state exercises has complete political control, the branch of political geography treating national power, foreign policy, and international relations as influences by geographic considerations of location space, resources, and demography, to re-draw voting district boundaries in such a way as to give one political party maximum electoral advantage and to reduce that of another party, to fragment voting blocks, or to achieve other non-democratic objectives, a place which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life, a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants, group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other, the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the soviet bloc and Western Europe from 1945-1990, the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside its former borders belonging to it historically and culturally, the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine, a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea, a code of the maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters expanding 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 mile wide EEZ, in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race, involves drawing a line equidistant from the closest mainland points of each of two adjacent countries, an imprecise term for a state or territory small in both population and area, a country without two or more nationalities within its borders, a nation that transcends the borders of two or more states, (North America Free Trade Agreement) an agreement for free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a special territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, beliefs, and customs, the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images, a state whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity, a territory of northern Canada including part of the mainland west of the Hudson Bay and north of latitude 60 degrees north, islands in the Hudson Bay, and most of the Arctic Archipelago, a country's larges city most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well, process by which representation districts are switched according to population shifts so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, a feeling of collective identity based on a population's political territorial identification within a state or across state boundaries, a country which is formally independent, but which is primarily subject to the domination of another, larger power, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference, a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries, when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political economic entity, disagreement between states over the control of surface area, refers to the shape of a territory; has five types: compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, and perforated; (WITH THE NEXT FIVE CARDS), distance from geometric center is similar, long and narrow in shape which makes it difficult to govern, have an area that extends from a more compact core, an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered partially or wholly an exclusive domain; the behavior associated with the defense of home territory, a part kept open for foreign trade according to the terms of a treaty, a state in which the central government dictates the degree of local or regional autonomy and the nature of local governmental units; a country with few cultural conflicts and with a strong sense of national identity, granting women a statuary right or privilege, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 3 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 2 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 1 Vocab, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. Allows states within the state to determine whether to have Shari'a Laws. process by which geopoliticians deconstruct and focus on explaining the underlying spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians, World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. Teoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possesing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. He's taught courses in World History, Political Science, Geography, and Public Speaking. He is also a state senator who represents a majority-Black district that stretches across the northeastern edge of his economically battered and resilient hometown. Redistricting is carried out every 10 years based on the population totals reported by the US Census. Mackinder noted Eurasia, the largest most populous landmass on earth had a pivot point at its center. Examples: Brazil, Russia, ~Highly centralized government. a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities. ~The first political geographer who studied these issues was the German professor Friedrich Ratzel. \text{Balance on February 28} & \underline{\underline{\$8,100}} & \text{ }\\ One of these reasons is ethnic separatism. Two Black Democratic delegates narrowly lost their seats in districts that are still majority African American but had recently been redrawn to have fewer Black voters. 160914065: malapportionment: The creation of congressional districts in a state which are of unequal size. A neighbor sells life insurance and wants you AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. (1500's-1700's) Examples: Egypt|Sudan, Canada|U.S, Physical-political (Natural-political) Boundary, Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape, such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district. NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. A state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. Human/environmental interactions. The maps were challenged in United States District Court. Still, the shift toward unpacking districts is likely to lead to turnover in legislatures and Congress. What would the issue price of the bonds be if the prevailing interest rate is (i) 4%? Yugoslavia was a state that always had more than one nation, and eventually the state collapsed and dissolved into several states each having a distinct culture. ~Heartland Theory The table below provides demographic data for each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2021. The first sample was tested using both purposive and accidental ap- proaches; participants were from two areas in Karkh District (Western side of Baghdad), which included two of the main Sunni camps, and from two areas in Rusafa District (Eastern side of Baghdad), which included camps for Shi'a and Christian people. Packed districts in which a majority of the population is from the minority. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. In Wisconsin, Democratic Gov. For the districts themselves? Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. Commissioners argue that there is evidence that Black candidates can still win elections. Example: The devolution in Africa after the European states gave the African states their independence. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. ~Italy, (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. 2. Key terms Cases to know Brown v. 2. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates? Inc. ~Belgium 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam . relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: Seriously, Democrats: Youre Done in Dixie. In the context of redistricting, federal law provides that majority-minority districts can be created in order to prevent the dilution of minorities' voting strength in compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. (a country) [1] It can also be called "redistribution" and is used to prevent unbalance of population across districts. Explain your answer. 1. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, whose administration enacted a law in 1812 defining new state senatorial districts. Examples: North Korea + South Korea. Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. AP Human Geography is widely recommended as an introductory-level AP course. It is concerned with why political spaces emerge in the places that they do and with how the character of those spaces affects social, political, economic, and environmental understandings and practices. Administrate: determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the border, ~Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. i. Academy Bank charged service fees of $125 to Oscar's for the month. We've covered a ton in this review guide for the 2023 AP Human Geography exam. ~Incorporates higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Suppose a companys cash flow from assets is negative for a particular period. An group composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals In particular, it has been interpreted to mean that the number of majority-minority districts cannot be reduced. Types of random variables. The problem is the Democrats had a bad election, Cervas said. Physical regions are features such as deserts, mountains, and lakes. McKay Company sells merchandise with a one-year warranty. These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is.
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