-- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board Despite this heterogeneity, several possible sources of recurring insurgency can be identified, even in an era of increased state power. In general, state coercive capacity across the region has increased, with escalating security force budgets and manpower facilitated by both formal laws and informal practices that give substantial leeway to the state. Breakdown or factionalization within the regime could trigger intense instability. It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. Others may comply with the expectations required of them, but at the cost of losing their sense of self, their self-concept. Get the latest news from World101, including teaching resources and special offers. Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. 2023 Project MUSE. Y$+nEq7q4},@B-A)?XH;Y.GQ4TU Furthermore, there is little systematic data on nonfatal human rights violations, such as torture and sexual violence. And in their densely populated slums, diseases can spread quickly. 0000011157 00000 n This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. AoDCkso:DQ2 " While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 created an economic crisis for Central Asias newly independent countries. 0000000016 00000 n At the same time, violence in Karachi, insurgency in Balochistan, and sectarian militia activities added further layers of violence to Pakistans political landscape. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 167.172.145.158 -- Volume 36, Number 2, July 2021, Editorial Board The movements have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. 2 Both can be accessed at https://satp.org/. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! Growing poverty, high illiteracy, a crisis in governance and threats to human security are issues of growing concern in South Asia. Source: World Nomad Games 2018 / R.Iliasov. HS1WRtqmf"g/Ugh+3T*{q`U?o>)Tn0XL&)ZOrST=_7:[rchll^b. The analysis presented will contribute to defining Americas Role in Asia. Although In the nearly three decades since their independence, the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russian influence. Population Problems of South Asia The forces pursued a grim counterinsurgency policy: extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and a heavy security footprint coupled with surveillance and monitoring. 0(z5&owdB\ztmz}fCKm'4 /gpYu&1;O+aF(|i%X A map showing the number of movies released from India's states and territories, each of which has its own primary language. -- Volume 32, Number 1, March 2017, Editorial Board Like European countries, Indias states are drawn along ethnic and linguistic lines and have distinct cultures. Third, forms of violenceespecially mobs and vigilantismare on the rise that are dangerous in their own right and that can prove difficult to control even by colluding state and political party forces. endstream endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj [/ICCBased 84 0 R] endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream 1 On the edges of South Asia, Myanmar sees a broadly similar patternthough important insurgencies continue, a patchwork project of ceasefires combined with ongoing state repression has forged a degree of ugly stability in areas of enduring conflict. Figure 3 shows the sanctioned strengths of Indias two largest central police forces, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and Border Security Force (BSF), from 1988 to 2018.3 The BSF has a major role in J&K, and the CRPF is heavily deployed across Indias areas of insurgency; both have expanded dramatically. The same is true of the internal security buildup, both in terms of funding and MHA force sizes, as well as the policies toward both the Northeast and Naxalite-influenced areas. India makes more than 1,500 movies a yearalmost triple the number Hollywood producesand the cultural significance of these films cannot be understated. Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. 63 0 obj <> endobj Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. Indias coercive apparatus, meanwhile, is vast and growing, but ideological hubris and political exclusion risk backlash. And Nepal has reduced its maternal mortality by more than 70 percent since 1990 through government and donor-supported investments in education, free child-delivery services, and improvements to road infrastructure, which allow mothers to more easily reach health clinics in the mountains and hills. -- Volume 32, Number 3, November 2017, Editorial Board Regions of the World, Return to South Most of the environmental issues in Southeast Asia are inextricably linked, and working to ameliorate one will often have added benefits for the others. endstream endobj 78 0 obj <>stream Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 percent this year before gradually subsiding. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. As Nepals government went through extraordinary tumult in the early 2000s, the Maoists expanded their reach and fought the state to a standstill. How Do Californias Asian Americans View U.S. Foreign Policy? Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the Drawing on its nomadic culture, Kyrgyzstan launched the World Nomad Games in 2014. The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. -- Volume 21, Number 1, April 2006. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, Social and Political Issues in South Asia Final Version Jan 29 There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. All of the active conflict zones remain potential areas of resurgence (for instance, the TTP has been trying to re-consolidate), but, compared to a decade ago, Pakistans security establishment has achieved a major shift in the balance of forces. The main exception to this pattern is Afghanistan, where violence and full-scale civil war continue. This is a hugely important shift. WebThe problems of the South Asian region are different from those in the developed world. Poverty rates among U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians were 9% and 11%, respectively, that year. A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. Rather, it is exposing in a single word the reason why overcoming systemic violence based on gender is so difficult. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the {BViLNL7E/eEDaXJ|xPKLDeg bCbxiI5~|6QSkQl2*>UWJ:+LW##9\IMNj~R LkX The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. WebContemporary South Asia (1992), 1(1), 143-146 Commentary Challenges and opportunities for South Asia M. B. NAQVI The destruction of both communism and the Soviet state in what was the USSR has profoundly changed the geopolitical environment of South Asia. The legal system grants substantial latitude to internal security forces, which limits checks on state power, and informal practices add to this autonomy. 2017-2023 Council on Foreign Relations. xref -- Volume 35, Number 3, November 2020, Editorial Board Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. South Asian countries report the highest prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) globally. While the true number of conflict-related fatalities is difficult to ascertain, all indications suggest a sustained and quite dramatic drop in conflict-related fatalities in the Northeast. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. South Asian Americans 0000002289 00000 n -- Volume 22, Number 2, October 2007, Editorial Board Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. Between 2000 and 2011, South Asian cities swelled in size, as 130 million people flocked to urban areas often in search of better, higher-paying jobs. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. And similar to Europe, local identity is strong in Indiaturnout for state assembly elections is often higher than that for national elections. 0000003934 00000 n 0000033263 00000 n Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. South Asia is an immensely diverse and densely populated region. Although reports of some degree of sanctuary in China and possible tacit support for rebels have grown in recent years, there has not been a return to the levels of the past. %PDF-1.4 % Such massive populations present economic opportunities for South Asian countries but also leave the regionone already prone to floods and heat wavesmore vulnerable to climate change and the spread of disease. Moreover, shifts in civilian power and civil-military coalitions are likely to occur in the future, with unpredictable results. Beginning at a young age, girls in the region are sometimes excluded entirely from education. These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. While trying to fit into a western society that prides itself on individual expression, they may find themselves navigating a culture at home where personal boundaries are blurred, and self-identity is determined by the validation of their family and community. IN SOUTH ASIA Indias government battled ongoing insurgencies in Kashmir, the Naxalite belt in interior India, and the Northeast. And in Nepal, a Maoist insurgency fought its way into a stalemate with Nepals security forces by 2005. None of this implies that the military has monopolized violence. In Sri Lanka, the Tamil Tigers reached their peak of power between 2002 and 2005. State of Social Movements in South Asia: Critical -- Volume 26, Number 1, April 2011, Editorial Board Pakistan is reported at factor cost. -- Volume 34, Number 2, July 2019, Editorial Board Some of the reasons include intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society. People and Society - South & Central Asia | World101 -- Volume 38, Number 1, March 2023, Editorial Board Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. Tensions between Hindus and Muslims go back to before 1947, and religious violence has erupted occasionally since. Familiar landmarks created by the cold war have not Yet extrapolating confidently from this trend is dangerous: the politics of the region are too dynamic to assume continuity. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. -- Volume 34, Number 1, March 2019, Editorial Board Sources: World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook and staff calculations. State police forces have been built up in conflict areas, fueled in part by infusions of resources from the central government. 0000005234 00000 n All rights reserved. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region. Removing restrictions to labor mobility is vital to the regions resilience and its long-term development.. There is a fundamental difference between a context in which security forces are targeted (even with only rare success) and those in which no one is interested in attacking the state. The figures show that in J&K and the Northeast, the late 1990s and early 2000s saw intense conflict. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in Extreme climate-related events - heatwaves, storms, floods, fires and droughts - affect more than half of the region's population every year and continue to burden South Asian countries economies. -- Volume 26, Number 2, October 2011, Editorial Board -- Volume 22, Number 1, April 2007, Editorial Board Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. WebSouth Asia has some of the worst levels of human deprivation in the world. Issues like water scarcity, poverty, food insecurity, resource depletion, climate change, environmental degradation, inadequacy of health services, and so forth directly affect millions of South Asians. Meanwhile, Bangladeshanother neighboraccommodates a population over half the size of the United States in an area the size of Iowa. Paul Staniland is a nonresident scholar in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Growth in the region is dampening, says the World Bank in its twice-a-year update, underscoring the need for countries to build resilience. endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Top 4 issues for South Asias millennials - World Sharing part of this critique, the paper argues that the social movement has been undergone with the formation of contested domain of polity incorporating the previously neglected issues of poverty, inequality and marginalization. While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide. -- Volume 36, Number 1, March 2021, Editorial Board South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. startxref It is also important that South Asian youth and families have discussions about their mental health struggles and learn ways to improve them. Six Pressing Issues in Asia and How We're - The Asia Foundation
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